Table 1.

smFRET assays used to study bacterial translation.

Sites of labeling with donor and acceptor fluorophores	Structural rearrangements detected by each FRET pair	References
Elbows of the A- and P-site tRNAs	Stepwise tRNA translocation through the ribosome	[105]
P-site tRNA elbow and protein L1	Stepwise tRNA translocation through the ribosome / inward-outward movement of the 50S L1 stalk	[79]
Proteins S6 and L9	Intersubunit rotation	[106]
h44 of 16S and H101 of 23S rRNA	Intersubunit rotation	[120]
Proteins L1 and L33	Inward-outward movement of the 50S L1 stalk	[84]
Proteins L1 and L9	Inward-outward movement of the 50S L1 stalk	[83]
Protein L11 and tRNA elbow	Stepwise tRNA translation through the ribosome / movement of the 50S L11 stalk	[81]
Protein L27 and tRNA elbow	Stepwise tRNA translation through the ribosome	[82]
Proteins S13 and L1	Intersubunit rotation / inward-outward movement of the 50S L1 stalk	[121]
Protein S13 and tRNA elbow	tRNA translocation / movement of the head domain of the 30S	[16]
Proteins S13 and L5	Movement of the head domain of the 30S / intersubunit rotation	[16]
Protein S12 and tRNA elbow	Stepwise tRNA translocation through the ribosome	[89]
Protein S12 and domain IV of EF-G	EF-G rearrangements during tRNA translocation	[28]
tRNA elbow and C-terminus of EF-G	tRNA translocation / EF-G rearrangements during tRNA translocation	[26]
Domains II and IV of EF-G	Interdomain rearrangements in EF-G	[30]
N- and C-terminal domains of IF3	Interdomain rearrangements of IF3	[27]
IF2 and protein L11	Subunit joining / IF2 rearrangements during translation initiation	[29]
IF2 and P-site tRNA	IF2 rearrangements during translation initiation	[31]