Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and preoperative information
| Parameters | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 | 65 | 45 | 49 |
| Sex | Male | Female | Male | Male |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.1 | 21.6 | 22.0 | 17.6 |
| ASA score | II | II | II | II |
| Symptoms | Jaundice | Epigastric pain and distension | Jaundice, pruritus, and epigastric pain | Hyperglycemia for 8 years with necrolytic migratory erythema |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 112.0 | 9.8 | 127.4 | 2.9 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 141 | 17 | 66 | 41 |
| AST (IU/L) | 152 | 19 | 42 | 19 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 34.4 | 45.8 | 43.6 | 36.1 |
| CEA (ng/ml) | 2.76 | 1.99 | 3.03 | 6.22 |
| CA 19–9 (u/ml) | 83.21 | 41.71 | 32.25 | 21.66 |
| Comorbidities | Renal calculus | Hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus | Gallstones and type II diabetes mellitus | Urinary tract infection |
BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiology, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19–9 carbohydrate antigen 19–9