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. 2017 Aug 11;175(8):1157–1172. doi: 10.1111/bph.13920

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Schema of hypothesis that l‐Hcy stimulates intracellular cathepsin V expression via a DNA demethylation pathway. Increased cathepsin V promotes the phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of ERK1/2, phosphorylation of STAT1, expression of inflammatory cytokines, adhesion and chemotaxis of leukocytes and vascular inflammation. The cathepsin L/V inhibitor SID suppresses the activity of cathepsin V, and reverses the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines and vascular inflammation induced by l‐Hcy.