Figure 1.

Hypothesized causal structure among variables relevant for prescription decisions. Optimal causal structure among variables leading to different prescription decisions depending on availability of test results at consultation or after consultation. Escalation is defined as decision change from no antibiotic to antibiotic treatment. De‐escalation is defined as decision change from antibiotic to no antibiotic. AMC, amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium; COT, choice of treatment; DTT, decision to treat with antibiotics; TMS, potentiated sulphonamides.