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. 2018 Jan 26;22(4):2098–2109. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13398

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© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Rat intraperitoneal injection of exogenous leptin improves CEP matrix mineralization in the rat Intervertebral disc degeneration model. (A) Western blot analysis of leptin, OCN and Runx2 protein levels in 3‐ and 6‐month‐old rats with or without leptin injections (n = 3 for each treatment). (B) X‐ray radiographs showing that the percentage of lumbar disc heights did not change after 6 months of leptin injections in comparison with the control group. (C) H&E and Alcian Blue staining comparisons of the 3‐ and 6‐month‐old rats with or without the leptin injections, showing reduced cartilage matrix and cartilage cells. Error bars represent the standard error of three discs from at least three rats per treatment group (*P < 0.05, versus Control).