Table 3.
Correlates of GP Visits: Results of Fixed‐Effects Poisson Regressions (Waves 2–4)
| Independent Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potential confounders† | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Negative affect | 0.0915*** (0.0275) | |||||||
| Positive affect | −0.0869** (0.0284) | |||||||
| Life satisfaction | −0.0764*** (0.0219) | |||||||
| Self‐efficacy | −0.0512 (0.0380) | |||||||
| Loneliness | 0.0378 (0.0275) | |||||||
| Flexible goal adjustment | −0.0379 (0.0277) | |||||||
| Self‐esteem | −0.0886* (0.0351) | |||||||
| Optimism | −0.0746** (0.0285) | |||||||
| Observations | 6,816 | 6,816 | 6,824 | 6,874 | 6,791 | 6,801 | 6,882 | 6,864 |
| Number of individuals | 3,108 | 3,108 | 3,112 | 3,134 | 3,100 | 3,104 | 3,138 | 3,131 |
Negative affect (PANAS, Watson, Clark, and Tellegen 1988b); positive affect (PANAS, Watson, Clark, and Tellegen 1988b); life satisfaction (SWLS, Pavot and Diener 1993); self‐efficacy (Snyder et al. 1991); loneliness (Gierveld and Van Tilburg 2006); flexible goal adjustment (Flex, Brandtstädter and Renner 1990); self‐esteem (Rosenberg 1965; Ferring and Filipp 1996); optimism (Brandtstädter and Wentura 1994).
***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05; +p < .10.
†All estimations include age, (log) monthly equivalent net income, self‐rated health, number of chronic diseases as well as dummy variables for marital status, employment status, weight categories, and smoking status as potential confounders. Poisson regression coefficients were reported; cluster‐robust standard errors in parentheses.