Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the cohort stratified by NAFLD status
| Characteristics | Total Patients (n=119) |
MRIPDFF <5% (n=35) |
MRIDPFF ≥ 5% (n=84) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 52.4 (15.2) | 50.2 (17.6) | 53.3 (14.1) | 0.3254 |
| Female, n (%) | 70 (58.8) | 17 (48.6) | 53 (62.4) | 0.1424 |
| White, n (%) | 59 (51.8) | 17 (48.6) | 42 (53.2) | 0.6508 |
| Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 37 (32.5) | 16 (45.7) | 21 (28.6) | 0.0442 |
| Clinical | ||||
| Type 2 Diabetes, n (%) | 49 (41.2) | 11 (31.4) | 38 (45.2) | 0.1631 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 (5.5) | 26.8 (4.9) | 31.2 (5.2) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101.0 (14.4) | 90.8 (13.1) | 105.3 (12.7) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 52 (43.7) | 8 (22.9) | 44 (52.4) | 0.0031 |
| Biological data | ||||
| AST (U/L) | 36.4 (24.7) | 29.3 (13.7) | 39.4 (27.7) | 0.0101 |
| ALT (U/L) | 48.6 (39.2) | 27.9 (14.2) | 57.3 (43.0) | <0.0001 |
| Alk P (U/L) | 76.3 (33.0) | 71.5 (25.7) | 78.3 (35.6) | 0.2478 |
| GGT (U/L) | 48.1 (53.9) | 41.9 (49.9) | 50.6 (55.6) | 0.4630 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.8) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.1050 |
| Direct Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.3342 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.4 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.3) | 0.5911 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 116.5 (45.6) | 112.2 (46.4) | 118.3 (45.5) | 0.5104 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.0 (1.1) | 5.8 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.1) | 0.2201 |
| Insulin (U/ml) | 26.9 (29.8) | 14.8 (14.5) | 31.4 (32.8) | 0.0025 |
| HOMA-R | 8.1 (12.9) | 3.5 (3.3) | 9.9 (14.7) | 0.0027 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 156.1 (103.6) | 98.1 (34.2) | 180.7 (113.2) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180.9 (34.9) | 171.0 (31.8) | 185.1 (35.5) | 0.0479 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.3 (13.5) | 54.9 (14.3) | 47.0 (12.5) | 0.0038 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 102.7 (31.8) | 96.5 (30.8) | 105.4 (32.0) | 0.1759 |
| Platelet count (109/L) | 228.0 (70.6) | 207.8 (75.3) | 236.3 (67.4) | 0.0468 |
| Prothrombin time | 11.4 (2.5) | 11.8 (1.8) | 11.2 (2.7) | 0.1878 |
| INR | 1.3 (2.3) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.4 (2.8) | 0.3960 |
| Clinical Prediction Rules | ||||
| AST/ALT | 0.9 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.3) | <0.0001 |
| APRI | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.8344 |
| BARD, median (IQR) | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | 0.0485 |
| FIB-4 | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.9 (2.1) | 1.3 (0.8) | 0.1471 |
| NAFLD Fibrosis Score | −1.3 (1.7) | −1.3 (2.0) | −1.3 (1.5) | 0.9887 |
| Imaging data | ||||
| MRI-PDFF (%) | 10.8 (7.7) | 2.8 (1.2) | 14.1 (6.8) | <0.0001 |
| Liver stiffness (kPa) | ||||
| Median, median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.4) | 4.5 (2.8) | 6.5 (3.8) | 0.0011 |
| IQR, median (IQR) | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.6 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.0092 |
| IQR/M, median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2067 |
| Total number of measurements | 13.4 (7.0) | 15.7 (11.7) | 12.4 (3.2) | 0.1098 |
| Total number of valid measurement | 10.2 (1.0) | 10.7 (1.2) | 10.0 (0.8) | 0.0079 |
| Success rate <60%, n (%) | 11 (9.2) | 4 (11.4) | 7 (8.3) | 0.7294 |
| Unreliable liver stiffness*, n (%) | 13 (10.9) | 5 (14.3) | 8 (9.5) | 0.5218 |
| CAP (dB/m) | ||||
| Median, median (IQR) | 305 (80.0) | 235 (75.0) | 315 (52.0) | <0.0001 |
| IQR, median (IQR) | 30 (19.0) | 32 (13.0) | 28.5 (19.5) | 0.0831 |
| IQR/M, median (IQR) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Probe size, n (%) | 0.0915 | |||
| Use of M probe | 82 (68.9) | 28 (80.0) | 54 (64.3) | |
| Use of XL probe | 37 (31.1) | 7 (20.0) | 30 (35.7) |
Continuous variable are expressed in mean with standard deviation in parentheses or median, unless otherwise noted as median with interquartile range (IQR) in parentheses or n (%). BMI: body mass index, Obesity was defined as BMI≥30 kg/m2, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, INR: International Normalized Ratio, APRI: AST to platelet ratio, HDL: High Density Lipoprotein, LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein, Alk P: Alkaline Phosphatase, MRI-PDFF: magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction, CAP: controlled attenuation parameter. Success rate was defined as the ratio of the number of valid measurements to the total number of measurements.
Unreliable liver stiffness was defined as success rate <60% and/or number of valid measurement <10 and/or IQR/med >30%.44
P-value determined by comparing characteristics of patients without NAFLD (MRI-PDFF<5%) and with NAFLD (MRI-PDFF≥5%) using an independent samples t-test, Wilcoxon Two-Sample test or a Chi-Square or Fishers exact test as appropriate. Bold indicates significant P-values <0.05.