Table I.

Scoring and descriptor definitions

Scores	Normal=2	Normal motor control is the ability to isolate joint motion through more than 50% of the available ROM in instructed directions within a three-second verbal count. The motion occurs without accompanying motion at any other joints of either limb. In general, when descriptors are checked on the score sheet a patient cannot have normal motor control.
	Impaired=1	Patients with impaired motor control may be able to move the desired joint through a portion of the available ROM (≤50%) without any other joint movement, however a portion of the motion is accompanied by motion at a different joint of the same limb, or mirrored by motion on the opposite limb.
	Absent=0	If a patient does not demonstrate selective voluntary motor control, they have simultaneous movement at two or more joints. For every degree of motion at the desired joint, concomitant obligatory motion occurs at another joint in the limb. This movement may occur in the defined synergy patterns, but does not have to. A score of 0 is also given if a patient is unable to actively generate any ROM at the instructed joint.
Score sheet descriptors	↓ ROM	Active motion ≤ 50% available ROM at joint being tested.
	Slow	Motion occurs slower than verbal cues given by examiner (3 second count).
	Extra movement	Movement at joints other than tested joints within the same arm, or in postural compensations at the trunk.
	Mirror movements	Mirroring noted in arm opposite tested arm.
	No palpable contraction	No palpable contraction of the agonist muscles to instructed joint movements.
	Movement one direction	Movement in only one of the instructed directions (note motion achieved).
Muscle properties	Spastic catch	Passive resistance or catch is felt when the joint is moved with increased speed while the patient is relaxed. This is assessed while the examiner is determining PROM.
	Muscle tightness	The joint has a contracture or PROM limitation.
Notes	Flexion synergy influence	Coupling of movements that may include some or all of the following: shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, forearm supination, and wrist/finger flexion.
	Extension synergy influence	Coupling of movements that may include some or all of the following: shoulder adduction, elbow extension, forearm pronation, and wrist/finger flexion.

ROM, range of motion; PROM, passive range of motion.