(A–B) NSCLC H460 cells (5x105 cells, 1:1 with growth factor-depleted Matrigel) were injected subcutaneously into the flank of nude mice. Five days after this injection, the mice were randomly separated into two groups and received i.p. injection with either vehicle or ABC294640 (75 mg/kg of body weight), 3 days/week. The arrows indicate the time points when ABC294640 or vehicle was administered. The mice were observed and measured every 2–3 days for the size of palpable tumors over an additional 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the tumors were excised for subsequent analyses. The numbers 1–5 represent different mice from the same group. Error bars represent the S.D. from one of the 2 independent experiments. (C–E) Protein expression in tumor tissues from representative mice was measured using immunoblots. The ceramide and dihydro(dh)-ceramide species within tumor tissues were quantified using lipidomics analysis as described in the Methods. Error bars represent the S.D. from 3 mice from each group. * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01.