. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 10.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2018 Mar 10;83(3):544–552. doi: 10.1002/ana.25172

Table 1. Characteristics of AD Patients and Control Subjects.

	Total
Diagnosis	Number	Male/Female	Ages	MMSE	ADAS-cog
			Mean±S.E.M.	Mean±S.E.M.	Mean±S.E.M.
a. Cross-Sectional Sets
C	28	12/16	73.2±1.47	29.7±0.13	3.32±0.31
AD	28	12/16	73.1±1.44	25.6±0.83^*	13.7±1.31^*
b. Longitudinal Sets
C	16	9/7	69.7±2.04	29.1±0.87	3.42±0.58
AD₁	16	9/7	70.3±1.75	28.5±0.62	3.94±0.60
AD₂	16	9/7	79.1±1.83	21.6±1.46^*	19.8±1.89^*

AD and C are the patients and controls in the cross-sectional study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD₁ and AD₂ are the groups of AD patients evaluated at two times in the longitudinal study, at a preclinical phase and after conversion to moderate dementia, respectively, and C here are the controls matched to the AD₁ patients. MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination. ADAS-cog = AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale. The significance of differences between cognitive state (MMSE, ADAS-cog) values of the groups were calculated by an unpaired t test for C vs. AD (a) and for C vs. AD_1, and by a paired t test for AD₁ vs. AD₂ (b);

= p<0.001.