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. 2018 Mar 19;9:551. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00551

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Copyright © 2018 Al-Barazie, Bashir, Qureshi, Mohamed, Al-Sbiei, Tariq, Lammers, al-Ramadi and Fernandez-Cabezudo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of paraoxon treatment on Paneth cells (PC). Electron micrograph of PC in the crypt base of the small intestine of (A–C) saline or (D–F) paraoxon-pretreated mice. In control saline group, (A) the cytoplasm of PC is filled with large spherical granules (arrowhead) (B) some of them surrounded by clear halos (red arrows). (C) Higher magnification shows a PC with abundant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the proximity of the nucleus and the presence of secretory granules (arrowhead). (D) In paraoxon-treated mice, PC contain less electron-dense spherical granules of different sizes (white arrow). The PC is next to an enteroendocrine cell (E) containing small electron-dense granules. A group of cells in the intestinal crypts with enlarged ER and lack of granules is seen (E). In panel (F), mitotic cells (M) can be observed approaching the intestinal epithelium; (L) Intestinal lumen, (N) nucleus, (GC) goblet cell. Micrographs original magnification: (A) 2,900×, 4,200× (B) 9,300× (C), 8,200× (D), 4,800× (E), and 2,900× (F).