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. 2018 Mar 19;9:233. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00233

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Copyright © 2018 Li, van Esch, Henricks, Garssen and Folkerts.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of butyrate on IL-8 release. (A–F) 0.1 mM butyrate inhibited IL-8 release after 24 h pre-incubation and 6, 12, or 24 h stimulation. (A–C) Butyrate combined with LPS. (D–F) Butyrate combined with TNFα. N = 4, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with control group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01,^###p < 0.001 compared with LPS or TNFα group.