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. 2018 Mar 19;9:188. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00188

Table 2.

Muscle metabolites before, immediately after, and 30 min following a 30-s all-out sprint (Wingate test) in normoxia (PIO2 = 143 mmHg) and hypoxia (PIO2 = 74 mmHg), after the ingestion of antioxidants or placebo.

Placebo Antioxidants Time Antiox Antiox × Time FIO2 FIO2 × Time Antiox × FIO2 × Time
Hypoxia Normoxia Hypoxia Normoxia
Pre PCr 16.5 ± 1.5 16.0 ± 2.8 18.2 ± 2.3 17.8 ± 2.3 <0.001 0.12 0.78 0.49 0.75 0.97
Post PCr 6.0 ± 3.3a 5.0 ± 2.2a 6.8 ± 3.1a 6.0 ± 2.9a
Post 30 min PCr 18.8 ± 4.0 18.4 ± 1.9 19.3 ± 2.0 19.6 ± 2.3
Pre Cr 11.9 ± 1.5 12.4 ± 2.8 10.2 ± 2.3 10.6 ± 2.3 <0.001 0.12 0.78 0.49 0.75 0.97
Post Cr 22.4 ± 3.3a 23.5 ± 2.2a 21.6 ± 3.1a 22.4 ± 2.9a
Post 30 min Cr 9.6 ± 4.0 10.1 ± 1.9 9.1 ± 2.0 8.8 ± 2.3
Pre ATP 4.8 ± 1.0 5.1 ± 1.9 5.2 ± 1.2 5.0 ± 1.6 <0.001 0.41 0.009 0.9 0.016 0.37
Post ATP 3.2 ± 1.6a 2.4 ± 0.8a 3.1 ± 0.8a 3.5 ± 1.4a
Post 30 min ATP 4.6 ± 2.0 3.5 ± 1.4 3.5 ± 1.1 4.8 ± 1.1
Pre ADP 0.4 ± 0.2 0.5 ± 0.3 0.3 ± 0.2 0.3 ± 0.2 <0.001 0.4 0.85 0.074 0.76 0.047
Post ADP 0.9 ± 0.8 0.7 ± 0.5 0.4 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.8a
Post 30 min ADP 0.3 ± 0.2 0.2 ± 0.1 0.2 ± 0.1 0.2 ± 0.2
Pre ATP/ADP 13.6 ± 3.2 13.3 ± 5.6 18.3 ± 6.3 17.3 ± 6.8 <0.001 0.28 0.52 0.33 0.64 0.49
Post ATP/ADP 5.9 ± 3.8a 4.5 ± 2.5a 7.9 ± 2.9ab 6.0 ± 4.3a
Post 30 min ATP/ADP 27.2 ± 25.2 18.3 ± 5.3 21.8 ± 7.9 22.8 ± 8.0
Pre G1P 0.04 ± 0.05 0.02 ± 0.02 0.05 ± 0.04 0.06 ± 0.07 0.001 0.18 0.14 0.901 0.17 0.07
Post G1P 0.25 ± 0.30a 0.11 ± 0.10a 0.34 ± 0.21a 0.38 ± 0.32a
Post 30 min G1P 0.05 ± 0.03 0.15 ± 0.16 0.10 ± 0.13 0.11 ± 0.12
Pre G6P 0.50 ± 0.33 0.47 ± 0.38 0.46 ± 0.31 0.32 ± 0.37 <0.001 0.21 0.22 0.787 0.01 0.08
Post G6P 4.40 ± 3.21a 5.38 ± 1.97a 10.34 ± 6.98a 5.88 ± 4.77a
Post 30 min G6P 1.21 ± 1.60 2.96 ± 6.37 1.44 ± 1.92 4.39 ± 5.29
Pre F6P 0.08 ± 0.06 0.05 ± 0.06 0.06 ± 0.07 0.06 ± 0.06 0.005 0.06 0.2 0.098 0.34 0.96
Post F6P 0.24 ± 0.30 0.36 ± 0.32a 0.50 ± 0.41a 0.59 ± 0.42a
Post 30min F6P 0.09 ± 0.11 0.22 ± 0.55 0.24 ± 0.32 0.59 ± 0.40
Pre Pyr 0.14 ± 0.05 0.08 ± 0.04 0.09 ± 0.04 0.10 ± 0.07 0.02 0.16 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.11
Post Pyr 0.23 ± 0.07a 0.26 ± 0.13a 0.17 ± 0.07 0.27 ± 0.09a
Post 30 min Pyr 0.07 ± 0.06 0.16 ± 0.10a 0.10 ± 0.09 0.13 ± 0.10
Pre Lac 2.1 ± 1.3 2.6 ± 2.0 3.1 ± 2.0 2.4 ± 2.2 <0.001 0.06 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.26
Post Lac 55.4 ± 20.1a,b,c 38.2 ± 12.3a 38.3 ± 10.6a,c 34.1 ± 14.9a
Post 30 min Lac 3.7 ± 2.9 5.0 ± 3.2 7.3 ± 8.8 8.9 ± 4.9a
Pre NAD+/NADH+ × 10−7 897 ± 667 405 ± 250 339 ± 262 501 ± 363 <0.001 0.03 0.23 0.21 0.3 0.018
Post NAD+/NADH+ × 10−7 43 ± 21a 60 ± 22a 42 ± 16a,b,c 85 ± 51a,d
Post 30 min NAD+/NADH+ × 10−7 256 ± 232a 350 ± 313 348 ± 421 153 ± 120a

Values are means ± SD. Concentrations are reported in mmol.kg−1 muscle wet weight.

a

P < 0.05 Compared with Pre sprint.

b

P < 0.05 compared with normoxia placebo at the same time point.

c

P < 0.05 compared with normoxia antioxidants at the same time point.

d

P < 0.05 compared with hypoxia placebo at the same time point. Pre, Pre sprint; Post, Post sprint; Post 30 min, 30 min into the recovery period; Antiox, antioxidants; Lac, lactate; Pyr, Pyruvate. n = 9.