Table 1.
Table summarizing protocols used by previous studies measuring effects on verbal fluency and probe tasks including protocol used in present study at the bottom in bold.
| Author | A,C | Timing On/Off line | Target | Active cm2 | mA | mA/cm2 | Mins | Ref | Task | Sig? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VERBAL FLUENCY TASKS | ||||||||||
| Binney et al., 2018 | A,C | Off | Fr-Te | 5 | 2 | 0.2 | 20 | Fpz | PF, SF | Y |
| A,C | Off | Do-Fr | 5 | 2 | 0.2 | 20 | Fpz | PF, SF | N | |
| A,C | Off | Te-Pa | 5 | 2 | 0.2 | 20 | Iz | PF, SF | N | |
| Cattaneo et al., 2011, Exp 1 | A | Off | LIFG | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | PF, SF | Y |
| Cattaneo et al., 2011, Exp 2 | A | Off | RIFG | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | PF, SF | N |
| Cerruti and Schlaug, 2009, Exp 1 | A,C | Off | LdlPFC | 16 | 1 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | SF | N |
| Cerruti and Schlaug, 2009, Exp 2 | A | Off | R/LdlPFC | 16 | 1 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | SF | N |
| Ehlis et al., 2016 | A,C | Off | LIFG | 35 | 1 | 0.03 | 20 | CS | PF,SF | N |
| Martin et al., 2017 | A | On | M1 | 35 | 1 | 0.03 | 30 | CS/RM | SF | Y |
| Meinzer et al., 2012 | A | On | LIFG+ATL | 35 | 1 | 0.03 | 17 | CS | SF | Y |
| Penolazzi et al., 2013a,b | A | Off(+20) | LIFG | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | SF | Y |
| A | Off(+20) | LIFG+ATL | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | SF | N | |
| A | Off(+20) | LIFG+ATL | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | RH | SF | N | |
| A | Off(+20) | LIFG+ATL | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | SF | N | |
| Pisoni et al., 2017 | A | On | LIFG | 16 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 20 | CS | PF, SF | Y |
| Vannorsdall et al., 2012 | A | On | LdlPFC | 25 | 1 | 0.04 | 30 | V | PF, SF | N |
| Vannorsdall et al., 2016 | A | Off | LIFG | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | CS | PF, SF | Y |
| PROBE TASKS | ||||||||||
| Boggio et al., 2009 | A | On/Off | LTC | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 10 | RH | DRM | Y |
| Díez et al., 2017 | A,C | On/Off | LATL | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | RS | DRM | Y |
| Ferrucci et al., 2008 | A,C | On | RC | 21 | 2 | 0.1 | 15 | RD | S | Y |
| Ferrucci et al., 2008 | A,C | On | LdlPFC | 21 | 2 | 0.1 | 15 | RD | S | Y |
| Gladwin et al., 2012 | A | On/Off | LDLPFC | 35 | 1 | 0.03 | 10 | CS | MS | Y |
| Marshall et al., 2005 | A,C | On | L/RdlPFC | 0.8 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 15 s* | M | S | Y |
| Mulquiney et al., 2011 | A | Online | LdlPFC | 35 | 1 | 0.03 | 10 | CS | S | N |
| Pergolizzi and Chua, 2016 | A | Offline | LPC | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 10 | RH | DRM | Y |
| Pergolizzi and Chua, 2016 | A | On/Off | LPC | 35 | 2 | 0.06 | 20 | RH | MS | Y |
| Pisoni et al., 2015 | A | On | LPPC | 35 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 15 | RH | S | Y |
| A | On | LTC | 35 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 15 | RH | S | Y | |
| Teo et al., 2011 | A | Off | LdlPFC | 35 | 1 | 0.03/0.06 | 20 | CS | S | N |
| Teo et al., 2011 | A | Off | LdlPFC | 35 | 2 | 0.03/0.06 | 20 | CS | S | N |
| Present study | A,S | On | LIFG | 25 | 1.5 | 0.06 | 25 | CS | - | - |
A, anodal; ATL, anterior temporal lobe; C, cathodal; CS, contralateral supraorbital area; Do-Fr, dorso-frontal; DRM, Deese-Roediger-McDermott; Fpz, orbital midline; Fr-Te, frontal-temporal; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; Iz, inion; L, left; M, mastoid; M1, primary motor cortex; MS, modified Sternberg; Off, offline; Off(+20), offline 20 min after stimulation cessation; On, online; PF, phonemic fluency; PPC, posterior parietal cortex; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; T, temporal lobe; Te-Pa, temporal-parietal; LPC, parietal cortex; R, right; RC, right cerebellum; RD, right deltoid; RH, right homolog; S, Sternberg task; SF, semantic fluency; V, vertex. *15 s-on/15 s-off, with 2 s ramp up and 2 s ramp down.