Appendix Table 2.

Sensitivity Analysis without Multiple Imputation Using Six-Month Preadvance Care Planning/Prematch and Six-Month Predeath Data

	ACP (N = 325)		Match (N = 325)		Unadjusteda		Adjustedb
	Pre-six months before ACP date A	Last six months before death B	Pre-six months before match date C	Last six months before death D	Difference-in-difference (B-D)-(A-C)	P	Difference-in-difference (B-D)-(A-C)	P
Total expenditurec	$8,014	$20,958	$6,812	$24,315	−$4,558	0.066	−$5,002	0.057
95% CI					−9,416, 300		−10158, 155
Utilizations
Inpatient admissions	0.27	1.03	0.20	1.10	−0.13	0.247	−0.17	0.143
95% CI					−0.36, 0.09		−0.39, 0.06
Inpatient days	1.97	7.19	1.36	8.33	−1.74	0.106	−1.97	0.064
95% CI					−3.85, 0.37		−4.05, 0.11
ICU days (inpatient)	0.05	1.55	0.00	1.53	−0.02	0.946	0.98	0.750
95% CI					−0.74, 0.69		−5.07, 7.04
Hospice use	0.03	1.00	0.08	0.95	0.10	0.430	0.11	0.393
95% CI					−0.15, 0.36		−0.15, 0.37
Hospice days	0.71	18.52	2.28	18.36	1.73	0.618	1.80	0.606
95% CI					−5.07, 8.52		−5.04, 8.64
SNF use	0.11	0.59	0.19	0.69	−0.02	0.889	−0.03	0.764
95% CI					−0.23, 0.20		−0.25, 0.18
HHA use	0.21	0.38	0.13	0.37	−0.07	0.339	−0.08	0.237
95% CI					−0.21, 0.07		−0.22, 0.05
30-day readmissions	0.06	0.20	0.02	0.17	−0.01	0.891	−0.02	0.773
95% CI					−0.09, 0.08		−0.17, 0.13
ED visit	0.08	1.15	0.06	1.06	0.07	0.588	0.029	0.814
95% CI					−0.18, 0.31		−0.21, 0.27

^aGeneralized linear model with gamma distribution (expenditure) or Poisson distribution (utilizations).

^bGeneralized linear model with gamma distribution (expenditure) or Poisson distribution (utilizations) adjusted by age, gender, race, CMS risk score, and comorbidities (CHF, COPD, ESRD, and cancer).

^cAll expenditures were converted to 2016 U.S. dollars using Medical Component of Consumer Price Index.

LOS, length of stay.