Table 1.
Demographics and characteristics of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) managed with metformin, insulin or diet and lifestyle modification.
| Maternal Characteristics | Metformin (n = 83) | Insulin (n = 83) | Diet and Lifestyle (n = 83) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 33.1 ± 4.8 | 33.5 ± 4.3 | 33.1 ± 4.3 | 0.858 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 41.0% (n = 34) | 30.1% (n = 25) | 37.3% (n = 31) | 0.261 |
| South Asian | 26.5% (n = 22) | 34.9% (n = 29) | 18.1% (n = 15) | - |
| Asian | 21.7% (n = 18) | 24.1% (n = 20) | 32.5% (n = 27) | - |
| South-East Asian | 7.2% (n = 6) | 6.0% (n = 5) | 9.6% (n = 8) | - |
| Middle Eastern | 2.4% (n = 2) | 4.8% (n = 4) | 1.2% (n = 1) | - |
| Pacific Islander | 1.2% (n = 1) | 0 | 0 | - |
| African | 0 | 0 | 1.2% (n = 1) | - |
| Previous GDM | 13.3% (n = 11) | 13.3% (n = 11) | 13.3% (n = 11) | 0.999 |
| Diagnosis of GDM (weeks) | 23.6 ± 5.9 | 24.0 ± 5.8 | 24.0 ± 5.7 | 0.880 |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 8.0 | 25.2 ± 6.3 | 22.7 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 |
| Family history of diabetes | 42.2% (n = 35) | 48.2% (n = 40) | 39.8% (n = 33) | 0.528 |
| Gestational age at initiation of pharmacotherapy (weeks) | 27.1 ± 5.7 | 28.0 ± 5.4 | N/A | 0.292 |
| Gestational age at initiation of supplemental insulin (weeks) | 29.5 ± 5.7 | N/A | N/A | - |
| Total daily dose of insulin in units (before delivery) | 23.6 ± 19.6 | 26.9 ± 24.2 | N/A | 0.779 |