Table 2.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes for women receiving metformin in comparison to insulin or diet and lifestyle modification.
| Perinatal Outcomes | Metformin (n = 83) | Insulin (n = 83) | Diet and Lifestyle (n = 82) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Outcomes | ||||
| Mode of Delivery | ||||
| Vaginal | 38.6% (n = 32) | 50.6% (n = 42) | 53.7% (n = 44) | 0.268 |
| Instrumental | 19.3% (n = 16) | 19.3% (n = 16) | 13.4% (n = 11) | - |
| Caesarean section | 42.2% (n = 35) | 30.1% (n = 25) | 32.9% (n = 27) | - |
| Neonatal Outcomes | ||||
| Birth weight (g) | 3289 ± 503 | 3150 ± 497 | 3228 ± 511 | 0.140 |
| Birth weight centile | 61 ± 28.5 | 52.8 ± 27.1 | 53.7 ± 26.6 | 0.089 |
| Large-for-gestational-age | 21.7% (n = 18) | 14.5% (n = 12) | 8.5% (n = 7) | 0.059 |
| Small-for-gestational-age | 4.1% (n = 3) | 4.1% (n = 3) | 5.6% (n = 4) | 0.758 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.6 ± 1.2 | 38.4 ± 1.5 | 38.9 ± 1.7 | 0.008 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 4.1% (n = 4) | 5.5% (n = 4) | 4.2% (n = 3) | 0.909 |
| Respiratory distress | 6.8% (n = 5) | 11.0% (n = 8) | 13.9% (n = 10) | 0.389 |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 15.7% (n = 13) | 19.3% (n = 16) | 6.1% (n = 5) | 0.039 |
| Jaundice | 21.7% (n = 18) | 18.1% (n = 15) | 14.6% (n = 12) | 0.501 |
| NICU admission | 14.5% (n = 12) | 14.5% (n = 12) | 7.3% (n = 6) | 0.268 |
| Birth injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Birth defect | 4.8% (n = 4) | 2.4% (n = 2) | 4.9% (n = 4) | 0.645 |
| Neonatal death | 0 | 0 | 1.2% (n = 1) | - |