Chromosome numbers in ostracod species of the family Notodromadidae, representing sexually reproducing ostracods, and of the family Cyprinidae, representing asexual and geographically parthenogenetic ostracods. (A,B) a fully sexual species Cyprois marginata, (A) females, n = 8 and (B) males, n = 6; (C–E)/asexual species: (C) Bradleystrandesia fuscata, asexual females (males are unknown in Europe), n = 3; (D) Cypris pubera, asexual females (geographical parthenogenesis with males confined to Turkey), n = 5; (E) Heterocypris incongruens, asexual females (geographical parthenogenesis with males confined to the east of Europe), n = 4.