Meiosis in E. virens and other asexual species. (A) E. virens, Spain, Laguna Caracuel, a sexual female showing 12 bivalents; (B) E. virens, Spain, Almodovar, a probably asexual diploid female; (C) E. virens, Italy, Sicily, a sexual female, chromosomes chained into a single formation; (D) Bradleystrandesia fuscata, Germany, Gauting, an asexual female, meiotic chromosomes resembling “lampbrush” chromosomes; (E) E. virens, Italy, Sicily, a sexual female; (F) E. virens, Italy, Rivalazzetto, an triploid asexual female; (G) H. incongruens, Germany, Martinsried, an asexual female. Chromosome preparations were stained with DAPI and inverted. Scale bar indicates 5 µm.