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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 26.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2017 Nov 8;53(2):207–219. doi: 10.1007/s00127-017-1452-3

Table 4. Multivariate associations of being a civilian in a war zone/region of terror and war traumas with subsequent first onset of any anxiety disorder among people who were alive during WWII.

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Person-year at risk
Age 1-20 (ref) 1 1 1
Age 21-30 .4 (.2, .5) .4 (.2, .6) .4 (.2, .5)
Age 31-40 .4 (.3, .6) .4 (.3, .6) .4 (.3, .6)
Age 41-50 .4 (.3, .6) .4 (.3, .6) .4 (.3, .6)
Age 51+ .4 (.3, .5) .4 (.3, .5) .4 (.3, .5)
x2 4df=65.0 (p<.0001) x2 4df=65.4 (p<.0001) x2 4df=65.0, (p<.0001)
Age at start of war 1.0 (.9, 1.0) .9 (.9, 1.0) .9 (.9, 1.0)
Geographical location growing up
Large city (ref) 1 1 1
Suburbs 1.5 (.6, 3.6) 1.5 (.6, 3.6) 1.5 (.6, 4.0)
Small City 1.2 (.7, 2.0) 1.3 (.8, 2.1) 1.2 (.7, 2.1)
Town/Village 1.2 (.8, 1.9) 1.2 (.8, 1.9) 1.2 (.8, 2.0)
Rural area 1.2 (.7, 1.9) 1.2 (.3, 4.6) 1.2 (.7, 1.9)
Moved around a lot 1.2 (.3, 4.5) 1.5 (.7, 2.9) 1.2 (.3, 4.6)
x2 5df=1.1(p=1.0) x2 5df=1.4 (p=.93) x2 5df=1.2 (p=1.0)
Male Sex .4 (.3, .6) .4 (.3, .6) .4 (.3, .6)
WMH Country
Japan (ref) 1 1 1
Belgium 1.5 (.7, 2.9) 1.5 (.7, 2.9) 1.4 (.7, 2.9)
Germany 2.2 (1.3, 3.7) 2.2 (1.3, 3.7) 2.1 (1.3, 3.6)
Italy 2.1 (1.2, 3.5) 2.0 (1.2, 3.5) 2.1 (1.2, 3.6)
Netherlands 2.3 (1.2, 4.2) 2.3 (1.2, 4.2) 2.3 (1.3, 4.2)
France 3.6 (2.2, 5.9) 3.6 (2.2, 5.9) 3.6 (2.2, 5.9)
Ukraine 2.9 (1.8, 4.5) 2.9 (1.8, 4.5) 2.9 (1.9, 3.5)
Romania .7 (.4, 1.4) .7 (.4, 1.4) .7 (.4, 1.4)
x2 7df=47.7 (p<.0001) x2 7df=48.4 (p<.0001) x2 7df=48.5 (p<.0001)
Civilian in War Zone 1.5 (1.1, 2.0)* 1.5 (1.1, 2.1)* 1.4 (1.0, 2.0)*
War Traumas
Displacement - .7 (.3, 1.4) -
Saw atrocities - 1.0 (.4, 2.7) -
Stalked - 8.8 (2.9, 26.8)* 8.7 (2.8, 26.8)*
Kidnapped - 2.0 (.6, 7.0) -
Witnessed death - 1.1 (.5, 2.1) -
Combat - .5 (.1, 2.9) -