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. 2018 Feb 28;9(6):1050–1056. doi: 10.7150/jca.23388

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Chloroquine (CQ) promotes the apoptotic effect of fasudil in ESCC cells. (A) Marked morphological changes induced by fasudil or/and CQ in ESCC cells. EC109 and KYSE150 cells were treated with medium alone, 75 nM fasudil, 5 μM CQ alone or their combination for 24 h. Magnification is x400. (B) Cell growth assay showing that combined treatment with fasudil (75 nM ×72 h) and chloroquine (5 μM ×72 h) induces a lower growth rate in ESCC cells than treatment with fasudil only (*P<0.001, fasudil plus chloroquine vs fasudil). (C) Representative inhibition of foci formation in culture by fasudil and/or chloroquine; quantitative analyses of foci numbers. Columns, mean of at least 3 independent assays; bars, SD. P < 0.001, fasudil versus fasudil combined with chloroquine by Student's t-test. (D) Annexin V/PI staining assay showing that combined treatment with fasudil (75 nM ×48 h) and chloroquine (5 µM ×48 h) induces a higher rate of apoptosis than treatment with fasudil only (*P<0.05).