Organization of the mouse Igf2–H19 and human IGF2–H19 loci.
A, map of the mouse Igf2–H19 locus on chromosome 7 and the human IGF2–H19 locus on chromosome 11p15.5 with chromosomal coordinates. For Igf2 and IGF2, individual exons are depicted as boxes and introns as horizontal lines. A scale bar is shown. Other genes in each locus are shown as single boxes and include tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), insulin (Ins2, INS), H19, mitochondrial ribosomal protein L23 (Mrpl23, MRPL23), and troponin T3, fast skeletal type (Tnnt3, TNNT3). Horizontal arrows indicate the direction of transcription. The purple and green circles depict the location of the ICR, which is found just 5′ to H19 (40–42), and the orange circles indicate distal enhancers 1–10, and their human homologues (43). B, close-up view of the human TH, INS, and IGF2 genes. All exons are shown as boxes, and introns and flanking DNA as horizontal lines. Horizontal arrows indicate the direction of transcription; a scale bar is shown. All TH exons are gray, and INS exons are in blue. For IGF2, non-coding exons are black, and coding regions are red.