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. 2016 Oct 27;67(2):362–371. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312653

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Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

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Serial measurements of serum interferon (IFN)-λ3 levels during treatment with different nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs). Changes in serum IFN-λ3 levels in representative patients during (A) lamivudine (LAM)-containing and/or entecavir (ETV)-containing (n=20) or (B) adefovir pivoxil (ADV)-containing regimes (n=19). Serum IFN-λ3 levels are shown in representative patients treated with (C) ETV alone (a 58-year-old man, HBeAg⁺, genotype C, IL-28B TT), (D) additional ADV (a 67-year-old man, HBeAg⁺, genotype C, IL-28B TT), (E) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) alone (a 42-year-old man, HBeAg⁻, genotype D) and (F) multiple NUCs (a 78-year-old man, HBeAg⁻, genotype C, IL-28B TT). (G) Serum IFN-λ3 levels in patients with HIV infection before and during anti-HIV treatment. The black, grey and dotted lines represent patients with HIV alone with TDF treatment, HIV and HBV co-infection with TDF treatment, and HIV alone without TDF treatment, respectively. Three representative patients are shown per group. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antibody; M, month, y, year.