Table 1.

Severity Levels of Androgen Excess for Serum DHEAS, A4, and T

Serum Androgen Status	Serum DHEAS (μmol/L)	Serum A4 (nmol/L)	Serum T (nmol/L)
Normal reference range
Premenopause (<50 y)	0.92–7.6	0.9–7.5	<1.9
Postmenopause (>50 y)	0.26–5.5	0.4–2.9	<1.9
Mild androgen excess
Premenopause (<50 y)	7.7–12.5	7.6–11.5	1.9–2.9
Postmenopause (>50 y)	5.6–12.5	3.0–7.9	1.9–2.9
Intermediate androgen excess
Premenopause (<50 y)	12.6–19.9	11.6–16.5	3.0–4.9
Postmenopause (>50 y)	12.6–19.9	8.0–12.9	3.0–4.9
Severe androgen excess
Premenopause (<50 y)	≥20.0	>16.5	≥5.0
Postmenopause (>50 y)	≥20.0	≥13.0	≥5.0

The three levels (mild, intermediate, and severe) were arbitrarily defined, with separate cutoffs for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Normal reference ranges (5th to 95th centile) were defined for serum A4 and T (measured by tandem mass spectrometry) in a female local reference population (n = 355) and for serum DHEAS (measured by immunoassay) referring to a female reference population (n = 516) provided by the manufacturer.