Table.

Baseline and intervention measures of urine and serum markers of bone turnover and protein status of 10 postmenopausal women participating in a cross-over study consisting of two 10-day interventions where dietary protein was manipulated

	Control		Protein
	Baseline	Intervention	Baseline	Intervention
Urine ratios
24-h UNa/urinary creatinine (g/g)	11.7±2.4	10.6±1.1	12.3±1.7	16.8±2.2bc
24-h UCad/urinary creatinine (mg/mg)	0.21±0.04	0.22±0.05	0.29±0.06	0.35±0.06c
24-h UUe/urinary creatinine (g/g)	26.8±6.1	21.0±2.2	24.9±3.5	34.0±4.0c
2-h α-CTX/urinary creatinine (µg/mmol)	0.69±0.12	0.64±0.09	0.7±0.11	0.77±0.11
2-h β-CTX/urinary creatinine (µg/mmol)	2.61±0.70	2.27±0.41	2.34±0.53	2.59±0.48
Serum
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)	39.3±4.5	38.7±3.3	41.8±3.2	38.3±3.2
Propeptide of type I collagen (ng/mL)	55.9±4.5	55.9±5.2	56.7±4.3	54.9±4.0
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (ng/mL)	86.34±7.40	86.41±7.56	85.04±7.71	89.69±7.94
Osteocalcin (ng/mL)	7.4±0.9	7.7±1.0	7.4±0.8	7.3±0.8
Nitrogen balance (g)	4.1±1.4	2.3±1.1	3.6±1.4	6.4±1.8cf

^aUN=urinary nitrogen.

^bSignificantly different from protein baseline; P<0.01.

^cSignificantly different from control intervention; P<0.05.

^dUCa=urinary calcium.

^eUU=urinary urea.

^fSignificantly different from protein baseline; P<0.05.