Table 4.
Results from Regressions Estimating the Effect of P4P on Clinical Quality Outcomes
| Panel A: Coefficient Estimates | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Physically Restrained | Pressure Sores | Pain | Weight Loss | Catheter Inserted | Falls | |||
| P4P | 0.00991*** (0.00124) |
−0.00218* (0.00130) |
−0.00510*** (0.00192) |
0.00150* (0.000906) |
−0.00162* (0.000934) |
0.00310*** (0.000759) |
||
| P4PClinical | −0.0207*** (0.00486) |
0.00563 (0.00479) |
0.0144* (0.00751) |
0.0175*** (0.00324) |
0.00232 (0.00295) |
0.00866*** (0.00253) |
||
| P4PClinicalWeight | 0.00523 (0.0139) |
−0.0186 (0.0135) |
−0.0646*** (0.0207) |
−0.0601*** (0.00910) |
0.000724 (0.00814) |
−0.0278*** (0.00701) |
||
| Constant | 0.0215** (0.0102) |
0.220*** (0.0176) |
0.383*** (0.0184) |
0.0165 (0.0133) |
0.109*** (0.0160) |
0.0487*** (0.00757) |
||
| Time FEs | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Facility Covariates | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
|
| ||||||||
| N | 518243 | 514433 | 518222 | 517984 | 515469 | 514795 | ||
| R2 | 0.146 | 0.0364 | 0.0592 | 0.0274 | 0.0514 | 0.00421 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Panel B: Range of Effects | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Effect given smallest clinical weight (0.10) | −0.02021*** (0.00362) |
0.00377 (0.00359) |
0.00793 (0.00563) |
0.01150*** (0.00244) |
0.00239 (0.00224) |
0.00588*** (0.00192) |
||
|
| ||||||||
| Effect given largest clinical weight (0.40) | −0.01865*** (0.00223) |
−0.00182 (0.00215) |
−0.01145*** (0.00301) |
−0.00653*** (0.00149) |
0.00261* (0.00137) |
−0.00245** (0.00118) |
||
Notes: Standard errors are clustered at the facility level and shown in parentheses. In Panel B, the effects are relative to having a P4P program that does not reward clinical outcomes.
*
p<.1,
**
p<.05,
***
p<.01