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. 2018 Mar 21;11:599–609. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S149470

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of different frequency PNS on pain thresholds as well as expression of Arc, GluA1, and pGluNR2B in naïve rats.

Notes: PNS at 60 Hz and 120 Hz increases thermal pain thresholds, while 10 Hz PNS does not (A). PNS at all three frequencies did not influence mechanical thresholds (B) (n of each group =8; *P<0.05, compared with sham; data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed with two-way ANOVA). Meanwhile, 60 Hz and 120 Hz PNS induce Arc protein expression (C, D) and decrease GluA1 expression (C, E) in the spinal cord, which has no effect on pGluNR2B (C, F), while 10 Hz PNS has no or minor effect on Arc expression or on the reduction of GluA1 expression (n of each group =5; *P<0.05, compared with sham; data are presented as median ± MAD and analyzed with Mann–Whitney U test).

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; GluA1, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid–type glutamate receptor 1; pGluNR2B, phosphate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-type glutamate receptor subunit 2B; PNS, peripheral nerve stimulation; SEM, standard error of the mean; MAD, median absolute deviation; Arc, activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein.