. 2014 Nov 7;40(Suppl 2):23–28. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v40is2a04

TABLE 2. Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitant-days for parenteral antibiotics purchased by hospitals in Canada, 2001–2011.

	ATC¹ Class and antimicrobial	DDDs²/1,000 inhabitant-days
	ATC¹ Class and antimicrobial	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
I³	β-lactamase inhibitors (J01CR) Piperacillin and enzyme inhibitor, ticarcillin and enzyme inhibitor	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.06
	Third-generation cephalosporins (J01DD) Cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.08
	Fourth-generation cephalosporins (J01DE) Cefepime, ceftobiprole	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
	Carbapenems (J01DH) Doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04
	Fluoroquinolones (J01MA) Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05
	Glycopeptides (J01XA) Vancomycin	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02
	Imidazole (J01XD) Metronidazole	0.06	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
II	Penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) Ampicillin, pivampicillin	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04
	β-lactamase sensitive penicillins (J01CE) Penicillin G	0.21	0.19	0.22	0.27	0.28	0.28	0.26	0.27	0.26	0.25	0.25
	β-lactamase resistant penicillins (J01CF) Cloxacillin	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04
	First-generation cephalosporins (J01DB) Cefazolin, cephalothin	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.12
	Second-generation cephalosporins (J01DC) Cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefuroxime	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
	Macrolides (J01FA) Azithromycin, erythromycin	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
	Lincosamides (J01FF) Clindamycin	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
	Aminoglycosides (J01GB) Amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin	0.06	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03
	Total (J01)	0.78	0.76	0.76	0.77	0.79	0.83	0.80	0.79	0.82	0.77	0.79

¹ ATC = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ² DDDs = defined daily doses ³ Roman numerals I and II indicate the ranking of antibiotics based on importance in human medicine as outlined by the Veterinary Drugs Directorate.