A) Principal component analysis of environmental data at studied sites. Geographic coordinates and elevation were correlated with the first two principal components after the analysis. First two axes explain 61% of total variation (1. axis: 39%, 2. axis: 22%). (B) Relationship between pairwise environmental and geographic distances. (C) Relationship between Fst distances and geographic and (D) environmental pairwise distances. Explanations: Bio_1 = Annual Mean Temperature, Bio_2 = Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp—min temp)), Bio_3 = Isothermality (Bio_2/Bio_7), Bio_4 = Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation), Bio_5 = Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Bio_6 = Min Temperature of Coldest Month, BIO7 = Temperature Annual Range (Bio_5–Bio_6), Bio_88 = Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Bio_9 = Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter, Bio_100 = Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter, Bio_11 = Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter, Bio_12 = Annual Precipitation, Bio_13 = Precipitation of Wettest Month, Bio_14 = Precipitation of Driest Month, Bio_15 = Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation), Bio_16 = Precipitation of Wettest Quarter, Bio_17 = Precipitation of Driest Quarter, Bio_18 = Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Bio_19 = Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, CTI = Compound Topographic Index, HLI = Heat load index, IMI = Integrated Moisture Index, SEI = Site Exposure Index. For explanations see Methods and Fick and Hijmans (2017).