Table 3. Hip angular deviations and sway during standing without and with calves’ vibration.

Designations as in Table 2.

			Healthy Young	Healthy Elderly	Fall Risk
Hip AP (cm)	Eyes open	Baseline	2.33±0.89	1.82±0.70	2.91±1.0
		40 Hz	3.70±1.35	3.12±3.88	2.77±0.80
			F(1,9) = 19.40 p = 0.0017	F(1,9) = 1.01 p = 0.3419	F(1,9) = 0.15 p = 0.7035
			(+) 10 (-) 0 p = 0.0016	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271
		30 Hz	2.92±1.22	2.62±1.63	3.56±1.24
			F(1,9) = 3.14 p = 0.1100	F(1,9) = 1.94 p = 0.1971	F(1,9) = 4.40 p = 0.0653
			(+) 6 (-) 4 p = 0.5271	(+) 8 (-) 2 p = 0.0568	(+) 8 (-) 2 p = 0.0568
	Eyes closed	Baseline	2.97±1.11	2.34±0.53	4.62±2.28
		40 Hz	3.11±1.31	3.32±3.27	4.36±2.13
			F(1,9) = 0.13 p = 0.7317	F(1,9) = 0.82 p = 0.3886	F(1,9) = 0.37 p = 0.5598
			(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271	(+) 3 (-) 7 p = 0.2059	(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271
		30 Hz	3.05±0.96	3.24±3.21	4.23±1.3
			F(1,9) = 0.05 p = 0.8330	F(1,9) = 0.71 p = 0.4219	F(1,9) = 0.60 p = 0.4576
			(+) 7 (-) 3 p = 0.2059	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271
Hip ML (cm)	Eyes open	Baseline	1.01±0.32	1.18±0.28	1.69±0.62
		40 Hz	1.18±0.41	1.15±0.31	1.32±0.38
			F(1,9) = 1.89 p = 0.2024	F(1,9) = 0.10 p = 0.7546	F(1,9) = 2.35 p = 0.1598
			(+) 7 (-) 3 p = 0.2059	(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271	(+) 3 (-) 7 p = 0.2059
		30 Hz	1.07±0.32	1.10±1.07	1.73±0.64
			F(1,9) = 0.34 p = 0.5760	F(1,9) = 0.34 p = 0.5746	F(1,9) = 0.02 p = 0.8872
			(+) 6 (-) 4 p = 0.5271	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271
	Eyes closed	Baseline	1.58±0.60	1.40±0.58	2.19±1.01
		40 Hz	1.45±0.54	1.31±0.40	2.15±0.69
			F(1,9) = 0.43 p = 0.5273	F(1,9) = 0.19 p = 0.6738	F(1,9) = 0.03 p = 0.8687
			(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0
		30 Hz	1.34±0.38	1.11±0.15	1.66±0.48
			F(1,9) = 3.33 p = 0.1014	F(1,9) = 3.13 p = 0.1106	F(1,9) = 5.72 p = 0.0405
			(+) 3 (-) 7 p = 0.2059	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 1 (-) 9 p = 0.0114
Hip sway (cm^2)	Eyes open	Baseline	1.90±1.21	1.58±0.78	4.01±2.70
		40 Hz	3.91±2,81	2.03±1.78	2.79±1.58
			F(1,9) = 6.56 p = 0.0306	F(1,9) = 0.48 p = 0.5049	F(1,9) = 1.49 p = 0.2528
			(+) 8 (-) 2 p = 0.0568	(+) 6 (-) 4 p = 0.5271	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0
		30 Hz	2.70±1.79	2.42±2.28	4.99±2.69
			F(1,9) = 2.35 p = 0.1598	F(1,9) = 1.09 p = 0.3244	F(1,9) = 1.71 p = 0.2232
			(+) 7 (-) 3 p = 0.2059	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 7 (-) 3 p = 0.2059
	Eyes closed	Baseline	4.87±4.11	2.51±1.61	7.54±5.01
		40 Hz	3.76±2.64	3.74±4.96	8.34±6.34
			F(1,9) = 0.64 p = 0.4435	F(1,9) = 0.49 p = 0.5004	F(1,9) = 0.27 p = 0.6149
			(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 4 (-) 6 p = 0.5271	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0
		30 Hz	3.05±0.96	3.24±3.21	4.23±1.30
			F(1,9) = 2.19 p = 0.1733	F(1,9) = 0.37 p = 0.5602	F(1,9) = 5.82 p = 0.0391
			(+) 6 (-) 4 p = 0.5271	(+) 5 (-) 5 p = 1.0	(+) 3 (-) 7 p = 0.2059