Figure 1. .

Conceptual schema of computational modeling. Starting with a certain RLDM paradigm, the left pathway (yellow arrows) represents that the human brain produces behavioral responses (forward model) that we observe and measure. These observed outcomes can be used to make inferences about cognitive mechanisms (model inversion), but oftentimes this is difficult to achieve. One solution is to build cognitive models (green arrows) that produce predictions (forward model) and can also be inferred on the basis of those predictions (model inversion). As such, we are able to approximate brain mechanisms (dashed red line) by directly linking the model predictions (e.g., reward prediction error) with the observed outcomes (solid red line).