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. 2018 Mar 20;10:73. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00073

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Copyright © 2018 Shih, Wu, Yu, Huang, Lee, Jiang, Lin, Yang and Kuo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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2K1C impairs hippocampus-related learning and memory in the 3xTg mice. 2-, 5-, and 7-month-old mice were given the 2K1C or the Sham operation, and their hippocampal learning and memory were determined at 1 month post-operation (termed 2 + 1, 5 + 1, and 7 + 1 groups). (A) Novel object recognition task. The percentages of novel object exploring time (time spent on novel object/time spent on both objects) of short-term (2-h) delay and long-term (24-h) delay. N = 2 + 1: Sham: 11, 2K1C: 16; 5 + 1: Sham: 14, 2K1C: 12; 7 + 1: Sham: 8, 2K1C: 8. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus respective Sham group, Bonferroni’s post hoc test. (B,C) Radial arm water maze. (B) 5 + 1 groups. N = Sham: 7, 2K1C: 6. (C) 7 + 1 groups. N = Sham: 6, 2K1C: 7. Escape latency: time to find the hidden platform; Error: total numbers of error made before finding the hidden platform.