Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of overweight children by BMI categories after 1 year*
| Normal weight (n = 32) | Overweight (n = 42) | Obese (n = 26) | p value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 10.9 ± 1.6 | 9.9 ± 1.2a | 11.0 ± 1.4b | 0.003 |
| Female sex (%) | 8(25.0) | 16(38.1) | 3(11.5) | 0.315 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 123.7 ± 13.5 | 118.2 ± 10.6 | 116.1 ± 11.6a | 0.039 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75.3 ± 10.5 | 76.0 ± 8.7 | 72.5 ± 10.3 | 0.335 |
| Height, cm | 152.1 ± 12.5 | 143.3 ± 8.8a | 152.0 ± 10.7b | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 53.4 ± 11.7 | 46.0 ± 7.7a | 55.0 ± 9.5b | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 75.1 ± 7.5 | 73.3 ± 6.6 | 78.3 ± 5.4b | 0.011 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 ± 1.6 | 22.2 ± 1.3 | 23.6 ± 1.2a | <0.001 |
| BMI percentile | 87.7 ± 2.6 | 89.3 ± 2.4a | 90.1 ± 2.6a | <0.001 |
| Body fat, % | 22.9 ± 3.1 | 22.8 ± 3.3 | 23.4 ± 2.7 | 0.696 |
| Fat mass, kg | 12.4 ± 3.3 | 10.5 ± 2.6a | 12.9 ± 2.7b | 0.002 |
| Muscle mass, kg | 38.1 ± 8.2 | 32.8 ± 5.3a | 39.0 ± 6.8b | <0.001 |
| Physical fitness | ||||
| Cardiopulmonary endurance | 6.8 ± 3.6 | 7.5 ± 3.2 | 6.6 ± 2.8 | 0.516 |
| Flexibility | 8.9 ± 6.1 | 7.3 ± 5.9 | 8.2 ± 5.8 | 0.523 |
| Muscle strength | 8.3 ± 3.0 | 7.9 ± 2.8 | 9.0 ± 2.8 | 0.314 |
| Agility | 7.7 ± 3.7 | 7.8 ± 3.4 | 7.9 ± 3.1 | 0.957 |
| Total score | 36.7 ± 8.6 | 35.2 ± 10.5 | 35.8 ± 10.2 | 0.814 |
DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; WC = waist circumference.
*
Data were shown as mean ± SD or number (%).
#
P value is for ANOVA analysis among three groups.
a
Indicates a significant difference between obese and normal weight.
b
Indicates a significant difference between obese and overweight.