Table 2.
Difference in blood pressure and anthropometrics over one year in overweight children according to BMI categories after 1 year*
| Normal weight (n = 32) | Overweight (n = 46) | Obese (n = 26) | p value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δ SBP, mm Hg | −6.9 ± 15.9 | 0.1 ± 11.2 | 3.3 ± 13.3a | 0.014 |
| Δ DBP, mm Hg | −1.5 ± 13.1 | 1.6 ± 9.6 | 4.2 ± 13.7 | 0.201 |
| Δ Height, cm | 6.4 ± 3.1 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 0.678 |
| Δ Weight, kg | 1.7 ± 3.9 | 5.6 ± 1.8a | 9.7 ± 2.4a, b | <0.001 |
| Δ WC, cm | 0.8 ± 5.0 | 4.0 ± 6.1a | 6.1 ± 4.3a | 0.001 |
| Δ BMI, kg/m2 | −1.1 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 0.8a | 2.1 ± 0.8a, b | <0.001 |
| Δ BMI percentile | −12.4 ± 10.4 | −0.4 ± 3.2a | 3.5 ± 2.2a, b | <0.001 |
| Δ Body fat, % | −2.1 ± 3.2 | 1.5 ± 2.0a | 3.6 ± 1.9a, b | <0.001 |
| Δ Fat mass, kg | −0.7 ± 2.2 | 2.1 ± 1.2a | 4.7 ± 1.7a, b | <0.001 |
| Δ Muscle mass, kg | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 3.2 ± 1.3a | 4.5 ± 1.4a, b | <0.001 |
| Δ Muscle mass – Δ fat mass, kg | 3.1 ± 2.5 | 1.2 ± 1.8a | −0.1 ± 2.0a, b | <0.001 |
DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; WC = waist circumference; Δ = values 1 year after minus values at baseline.
*
Data are shown as mean ± SD.
#
P value is for ANOVA analysis among three groups.
a
Indicates a significant difference between obese and normal weight.
b
Indicates a significant difference between obese and overweight.