Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all patients
| Characteristics | All (n = 1,177) | Low ALP group (n = 591) | High ALP group (n = 586) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67.6±12.9 | 66.7±13.5 | 68.8±11.7 | 0.008 |
| Female, % | 67.2 | 71.7 | 65.9 | 0.042 |
| Hemodislysis, % | 91.8 | 92.9 | 90.6 | 0.292 |
| BMI | 23.6±4.5 | 23.9±4.7 | 23.4±4.2 | 0.195 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 51.2 | 49.7 | 52.0 | 1.000 |
| CVD, % | 44.0 | 41.8 | 45.2 | 0.190 |
| Atrial fibration, % | 5.8 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 0.095 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 5.3±2.1 | 5.1±1.9 | 5.5±2.2 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 9.1±3.2 | 9.6±3.4 | 8.6±2.9 | <0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 91.1±29.3 | 91.0±27.6 | 91.3±30.9 | 0.429 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.4±1.5 | 9.3±1.4 | 9.5±1.5 | 0.299 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.2±0.6 | 3.2±0.6 | 3.2±0.6 | 0.236 |
| AST, IU/L | 17.9±10.2 | 16.1±8.3 | 19.7±11.5 | <0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 13.6±10.5 | 12.0±9.0 | 15.4±12.0 | <0.001 |
| ALP, IU/L | 256±157 | 181±35 | 332±190 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 8.7±2.3 | 8.8±2.3 | 8.6±2.3 | 0.405 |
| Na, mEq/L | 138±4.3 | 138±4.3 | 138±4.3 | 0.271 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.5±0.8 | 4.5±0.8 | 4.5±0.8 | 0.933 |
| Adjusted Ca, mg/dL | 8.6±1.0 | 8.6±1.0 | 8.5±1.0 | 0.186 |
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 6.4±1.9 | 6.5±1.9 | 6.3±1.9 | 0.006 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 90±35 | 92±35 | 88±36 | 0.204 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 44±16 | 45±16 | 44±16 | 0.701 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 126±74 | 125±66 | 127±81 | 0.874 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.6±0.9 | 5.5±0.8 | 5.8±1.0 | 0.001 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 537±965 | 438±548 | 637±1,230 | 0.042 |
| PTH, pg/mL | 355±293 | 301±184 | 413±360 | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 1.5±3.4 | 1.2±2.7 | 1.9±4.6 | 0.004 |
| Use of ARBs or ACEIs, % | 61.4 | 63.8 | 59.4 | 0.091 |
| Use of CCBs, % | 80.5 | 73.5 | 70.8 | 0.152 |
| Use of statins, % | 41.5 | 40.8 | 42.4 | 0.289 |
| Use of VDRAs, % | 28.5 | 30.9 | 26.9 | 0.180 |
| Cardio thoracic ratio, % | 54.1±9.5 | 53.7±10.2 | 54.4±8.7 | 0.410 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 61.0±11.8 | 61.8±11.3 | 60.1±12.3 | 0.049 |
Mean ± standard deviation. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; PTH, parathyroid hormone; CRP, C-reactive protein; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; VDRAs, vitamin D receptor agonists.