Table 2.

Cellular miRNAs reported to target the host-dependency factors (HDFs) and modulate HIV-1 replication negatively or positively, and discussed in this review.

	miRNA	Target HDF/Cellular mRNA	Effect on HIV-1 Replication	Reference
1	miR-17-5p	PCAF 3′UTR	Reduction in HIV-1 infection in PBMCs and Jurkat cells	Triboulet et al. 2007 [181]
2	miR-20a	PCAF 3′UTR	Reduction in HIV-1 infection in PBMCs and Jurkat cells	Triboulet et al. 2007 [181]
3	miR-198	Cyclin T1 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Sung and Rice, 2009 [182]
4	miR-15a	Pur-alpha 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Shen et al. 2012 [229]
5	miR-15b	Pur-alpha 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Shen et al. 2012 [229]
6	miR-16	Pur-alpha 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Shen et al. 2012 [229]
7	miR-20a	Pur-alpha 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Shen et al. 2012 [229]
8	miR-93	Pur-alpha 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Shen et al. 2012 [229]
9	miR-106b	Pur-alpha 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Shen et al. 2012 [229]
10	miR-155	ADAM10 3′UTR, NUP153 3′UTR, LEDGF/p75 3′UTRTRIM32 3′UTR SAMHD1	Reduction in HIV-1 late RT products and viral DNA integration in MDMs Promotes reactivation of latent HIV-1 via NF-kB signaling in J-Lat 5A8 cells Overexpression of miR-155 enhanced HIV-1 replication in astrocytes	Swaminathan et al. 2012 [232] Ruelas et al. 2015 [233] Pilakka-Kanthikeel et al. 2015 [235]
11	miR-27b	Cyclin T1 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T-cells	Chiang et al. 2012 [183]
12	miR-29b	Cyclin T1 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T-cells	Chiang et al. 2012 [183]
13	miR-150	Cyclin T1 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T-cells	Chiang et al. 2012 [183]
14	miR-223	Cyclin T1 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T-cells	Chiang et al. 2012 [183]
15	miR-1236	VprBP 3′UTR	Impaired HIV-1 replication in monocytes	Ma et al. 2014 [231]
16	miR-181a	SAMHD1	Overexpression of miR-181a enhanced HIV-1 replication in astrocytes	Pilakka-Kanthikeel et al. 2015 [235]
17	miR-132	MeCP2	Increased HIV-1 infection in Jurkat T-cells	Chiang et al. 2013 [178]
18	Let-7c	P21 3′UTR	Increased HIV-1 replication in JLTRG-R5 and HeLa-CCR5 cells	Farberov et al. 2015 [190]
19	miR-124a	TASK1 3′UTR	Increased HIV-1 replication in JLTRG-R5 and HeLa-CCR5 cells	Farberov et al. 2015 [190]
20	miR-34a-5p	TASK1 3′UTR	Increased HIV-1 replication in JLTRG-R5 and HeLa-CCR5 cells	Farberov et al. 2015 [190]
21	miR-34c-5p	Several genes involved in TCR signaling and activation of naïve CD4+ T-cells	Increased HIV-1 replication in Jurkat T-cells	Amaral et al. 2017 [191]
22	miR-221	CD4 3′UTR	Inhibition of HIV-1 entry in macrophages	Lodge et al. 2017 [234]
23	miR-222	CD4 3′UTR	Inhibition of HIV-1 entry in macrophages	Lodge et al. 2017 [234]