Table 1.

Investigation of microarray data using qRT-PCR. RNA from six independent cultures of BeWo that had been pooled for analysis by microarray was analysed by qRT-PCR to determine the expression of a select panel of genes in order to investigate the microarray data. The median (IQR) fold change in gene expression observed in BeWo cells (n = 6) and placental explants (n = 6) cultured in 25 mM D-glucose compared to 5 mM D-glucose with the addition of 10% FCS is demonstrated; red = up-regulation and green = down-regulation. The fold change in gene expression that was observed in placental tissue from pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to BMI-matched controls was calculated from the median expression values in each experimental group.

	25 mM D-glucose compared to 5 mM D-glucose (Fold Change)				T1 DM compared to Controls with a BMI ≤ 30 (n = 6)
	Trophoblast Cell model (BeWo): First experiment (pooled n = 6)		Trophoblast Cell model (BeWo): Second experiment (n = 6)	Explant Model (n = 6)
	From Microarray	From qRT-PCR	From qRT-PCR	From qRT-PCR	From qRT-PCR
AMP-activated Protein Kinase Alpha (AMPKα)	−1.43	−1.79	−1.71 (1.48)	−1.21 (1.86)	−2.6
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)	+1.58	+1.57	+3.0 (3.00)	−1.06 (1.49)	+1.15
P70 S6-Kinase (P70S6K)	−1.15	−1.87	−3.0 (3.88)	−1.36 (1.95)	−1.61
3-Phosphoinositide Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (PDK1)	+1.43	+1.67	+1.14 (2.97)	+2.66 (2.79)	−1.08