Table 3.

Measured ζ-potential of the materials in water and bacterial culture media. All values have a statistical error of ±2 mV.

	Zeta Potential (mV)
Material	OND	HND	GO	rGO	E. coli
H2O	−38	+39	−37	−37	−26
LB	−15	−18	−28	−22	−9
MH	−10	−7	−31	N/A	−8