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. 2018 Mar 27;8:5276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23420-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Canagliflozin suppresses IL-1β-stimulated MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNA expression, without altering cell surface adhesion molecule levels in HAECs. HAECs were stimulated with (a,b) IL-1β (10ng/ml) for 6 h or (c,d,e) IL-1β (5 ng/ml) for 4 h following preincubation in the presence or absence of A769662 (30 min, 100 μmol/l) or canagliflozin (15 min, 10 μmol/l). (a) MCP-1 or (b) IL-6 mRNA levels were analysed by qPCR and cell surface levels of (c) E-selectin, (d) ICAM-1 or (e) VCAM-1 were assessed by flow cytometry. Data shown represents (a, b) % IL-1β-stimulated mRNA expression normalised to TBP from four independent experiments or (c,d,e) % positively stained HAECs from three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001 relative to IL-1β alone (ANOVA).