Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 27.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Ophthalmol. 2017 Jan 20;101(9):1185–1192. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309729

Table 2.

Five-year progression from unilateral to bilateral any and late age-related macular degeneration, by age, genotype and smoking status in the Blue Mountains Eye Study, Beaver Dam Eye Study, Rotterdam Study individually and combined three cohort

Factors 5-year progression from unilateral to bilateral AMD
Blue mountains eye study
Beaver dam eye study
Rotterdam study
Combined
Any AMD*
Late AMD†
Any AMD*
Late AMD†
Any AMD*
Late AMD†
Any AMD*
Late AMD†
No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent No. of cases/No. at risk Per cent
Age (years)
 40–49 – – – – 3/44 6.8 0/0 0.0 – – – – 3/44 6.8 0/0 0.0
 50–59 4/47 8.5 0/0 0.0 11/137 8.0 0/1 0.0 11/58 19.0 0/0 0.0 26/242 10.7 0/1 0.0
 60–69 24/136 17.7 2/3 66.7 42/241 17.4 1/11 9.1 40/233 17.2 1/3 33.3 106/610 17.4 4/17 23.5
 70–79 51/127 40.2 10/14 71.4 46/163 28.2 8/27 29.6 59/197 30.0 7/12 58.3 156/487 32.0 25/53 47.2
 80+ 15/25 60.0 5/8 62.5 17/40 42.5 5/12 41.7 16/42 38.1 3/5 60.0 48/107 44.9 13/25 52.0
Total 94/335 28.1 17/25 68.0 119/625 19.0 14/51 27.5 126/530 23.8 11/20 55.0 339/1490 22.8 42/96 43.8
p Trend‡ <0.0001 0.8 <0.0001 0.07 0.0005 0.5 <0.0001 0.06
Smoking status
 Never 46/180 25.6 8/11 72.7 48/266 18.1 7/28 25.0 37/174 21.3 1/2 50.0 131/620 21.1 16/41 39.0
 Past 35/102 34.3 5/9 55.6 47/235 20.0 7/19 36.8 61/241 25.3 5/11 45.5 143/578 24.7 17/39 43.6
 Current 12/44 27.3 4/5 80.0 24/124 19.4 0/4 0.0 27/110 24.6 5/7 71.4 63/278 22.7 9/16 56.3
p Trend‡ 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2
CFH (rs1061170)
 TT 27/119 22.7 5/6 83.3 26/230 11.3 2/8 25.0 41/218 18.8 1/4 25.0 94/567 16.6 8/18 44.4
 CT 35/120 29.2 7/11 63.6 68/310 21.9 9/34 26.5 53/215 24.7 6/11 54.6 156/645 24.2 22/56 39.3
 CC 22/53 41.5 4/7 57.1 25/85 29.4 3/9 33.3 25/72 34.7 4/5 80.0 72/210 34.3 11/21 52.4
p Trend‡ 0.01 0.3 <0.0001 0.6 0.006 0.1 <0.0001 0.5
ARMS2 (rs10490924)
 GG 37/169 21.9 5/10 50.0 56/372 15.1 3/14 21.4 64/317 20.2 3/6 50.0 157/858 18.3 11/30 36.7
 GT 37/100 37.0 8/11 72.7 51/218 23.4 11/26 42.3 46/124 27.1 7/13 53.9 134/488 27.5 26/50 52.0
 TT 5/8 62.5 3/3 100.0 12/35 34.3 0/11 0.0 9/17 52.9 1/1 100.0 26/60 43.3 4/15 26.7
p Trend‡ 0.0008 0.09 0.0006 0.3 0.003 0.5 <0.0001 0.8
Combined genetic risk category§
 0 risk alleles 9/63 14.3 1/2 50.0 13/132 9.9 0/5 0.0 22/136 16.2 1/3 33.3 44/331 13.3 2/10 20.0
 1 risk allele 36/120 30.0 5/8 62.5 42/276 15.2 3/9 33.3 46/212 21.7 1/3 33.3 124/608 20.4 9/20 45.0
 2–4 risk alleles 34/90 37.8 10/14 71.4 64/217 29.5 11/37 29.7 51/156 32.7 9/14 64.3 149/463 32.2 30/65 46.2
p Trend‡ 0.002 0.5 <0.0001 0.3 0.0008 0.2 <0.0001 0.2
*

Unilateral any AMD progression to bilateral any AMD.

†

Unilateral late AMD progression to bilateral late AMD.

‡

p Trend calculated using Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test for linear association.

§

Combined risk dichotomised as 0 or 1 risk allele of CFH or ARMS2 or 2 to 4 risk alleles of CFH and/or ARMS2.

AMD, age-related macular degeneration; ARMS2, age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (risk allele T); CFH, complement factor H (risk allele C).