Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Reference | Study area, year of trial | Study design | Study population | Diagnosis | I1 | Malaria incidence/person months | I2 | Malaria incidence/ person months | I3 | Malaria incidence/ person months | I4 | Malaria incidence/ person months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beach et al., 1993 [35] | Kenya, 1990 | Quasi-experimental- with control group | Children < 6 years in 6 villages | Microscopy | ITNb | 82/195 | NIb | 136/193 | ITC | 170/224 | – | – |
| Charlwood et al., 2001 [36] | Eastern Sudan, 1997 | Cluster RCT | All ages | PCR and microscopy | IRS | 46/418 | NI | 38/451 | – | – | – | – |
| Cisse et al., 2006 [37] | Sahel and sub-Sahel region, 2002–03 | RCT | Children 2–59 months | Microscopy | PD | 39/1315 | NI | 222/1321 | – | – | – | – |
| Dicko et al., 2011 [38] | Mali, 2008 | RCT | Children 3–59 months | Microscopy | PD | 149/4346 | NI | 832/4148 | – | – | – | – |
| Fraser-Hurt, 1999 [39] | Tanzania, 1996 | RCT | Children 5–24 months | Microscopy | ITN | 173/360 | NI | 234/360 | – | – | – | – |
| Hale, 2003 [40] | Ghana, 1998 | RCT | Adults | Microscopy | PD | 6/131 | NI | 86/117 | – | – | – | – |
| Hamel, 2011 [41] | Kenya, 2000 | Quasi-experimental-control group | All ages > 6 months | RDT | IRS+ITN | 114/7424 | ITN | 251/6840 | – | – | – | – |
| Hill et al., 2014 [62] | Yunnan, China, 2007 | RCT | All ages | Microscopy and RDT | ITN | 12/10,854 | NI | 73/10,857 | – | – | – | – |
| Kamol-Ratanakul et al., 1992 [53] | Thailand, 1987–88 | RCT | Adults | Microscopy | ITN | 28/1026 | UN | 51/1099 | – | – | – | – |
| Konate et al., 2011 [42] | Ghana, 2004 | RCT | Children < 6 years | Microscopy | ITN | 332/4564 | NI | 982/3504 | – | – | – | – |
| Kroeger et al., 1995 [63] | South America, 1991–94 | Quasi-experimental-control group | All ages | Microscopy and RDT | ITN | 899/38,260 | NI | 1617/40,668 | – | – | – | – |
| Kweku et al., 2008 [43] | Ghana, 2005–06 | RCT | Children 3–59 months | Microscopy | PD (monthly)b | 44/3756 | PD (bimonthly) | 112/3678 | PD (monthly) | 109/3372 | NIb | 183/3900 |
| Luxemburger et al., 1994 [54] | Thailand-Burma, 1990–91 | RCT | School children 4–15 years | Microscopy | ITN | 29/933 | UN | 52/939 | – | – | – | – |
| Lwin et al., 2012 [59] | Thailand, 2006–08 | RCT | Adults | Microscopy | PD | 5/2000 | NI | 69/845 | – | – | – | – |
| Marbiah et al., 1998 [44] | Sierra Leone, 1992–93 | Cluster RCT | Children 3 months to 6 years | Microscopy | ITN | 48/590 | NI | 90/559 | – | – | – | – |
| Mwangi et al., 2003 [45] | Kenya, 2000 | Quasi-experimental-control group | Children < 19 years | Microscopy | UNb | 62/638 | UNa | 22/42 | NIb | 58/383 | – | – |
| Nankabirwa et al., 2014 [46] | Uganda, 2011–12 | RCT | Children 6–14 years | Microscopy | PD (monthly)b | 3/2886 | PD (school term) | 81/2857 | NIb | 83/2912 | – | – |
| Nevill et al., 1988 [47] | Kenya, NR | RCT | Children 6–18 years | Microscopy | UNb | 1/130 | PDb | 8/123 | NI | 35/123 | – | – |
| Odhiambo et al., 2010 [48] | Kenya, 2004–08 | RCT | Infants 5–16 weeks | Microscopy | PDe | 2/334 | PD | 2/334 | NIe | 17/325 | – | – |
| Pinder et al., 2015 [49] | Gambia, 2010–11 | Cluster RCT | Children 6 months to 14 years | Microscopy and RDT | IRS | 15/886 | NI | 17/899 | – | – | – | – |
| Rowland et al., 1996 [55] | Pakistan, 1991 | Quasi-experimental- control group | All ages | Microscopy | ITN | 235/8388 | NI | 541/8364 | – | – | – | – |
| Sahu et al., 2003 [57] | India, 1999 | Cluster RCT | All ages | Microscopy | ITN | 3/551 | NI | 9/565 | – | – | – | – |
| Sesay et al., 2011 [50] | Gambia, 2008 | RCT | Children < 5 years | Microscopy | PD | 1/2248 | NI | 3/2279 | – | – | – | – |
| Sexton et al., 1990 [51] | Kenya, 1988 | RCT | All ages | Microscopy | ITNe | 55/339 | ITC | 34/323 | NIe | 75/322 | – | – |
| Shah et al., 2013 [61] | India, 2006–11 | Quasi-experimental- control group | All ages | Microscopy | ITN | 124/34,272 | NI | 45/18,624 | – | – | – | – |
| Sharma et al., 2009 [58] | India, 2006–07 | Cluster RCT | All ages | Microscopy | ITNe | 16/23,436 | UNb | 48/24,228 | NI | 50/12696 | – | – |
| Smithuis et al., 2013 [32] | Myanmar, 1998 | Cluster RCT | Children < 10 years | Microscopy | ITN | 351/3989 | NI | 713/4053 | – | – | – | – |
| Snow et al., 1988 [52] | Gambia, 1986 | Cluster RCT | Children 1–9 years | Microscopy | UN | 22/435 | NI | 20/303 | – | – | – | – |
| Soleimani-Ahmad et al., 2012 [60] | Iran, 2009–10 | Cluster RCT | All ages | Microscopy | ITN | 17/7008 | NI | 35/7145 | – | – | – | – |
| Taylor et al., 1999 [56] | Indonesia, 1996-97 | RCT | Adult (non-pregnant) 18–55 years | Microscopy | PDb | 28/467 | PD | 3/265 | NIe | 56/142 | – | – |
Abbreviations: I1 intervention 1, I2 intervention 2, I3 intervention 3, I4 intervention 4, MI Malaria infection, ITC insecticide-treated curtain, ITN insecticide-treated net, PD prophylactic drug, NI no intervention, RDT rapid diagnostic test, RCT randomized clinical trial, IRS indoor residual spraying, UN untreated nets
aUntreated net torn
bIncluded arms in network meta-analysis if more than two arms