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. 2018 Mar 20;9:140. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00140

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Copyright © 2018 Khalid, Ullah, Khan, Afridi, Rasheed, Khan, Ali, Kim and Khan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of pre-treatment with agonists piroxicam (5 mg/kg i.p.), tramadol (50 mg/kg i.p.), and gabapentin (50 mg/kg i.p.) and antagonists naloxone (2.5 μmol/kg), olanzapine (10 mg/kg) and flumazenil (0.2 mg/kg) on the anti-nociceptive effects induced by honokiol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the carrageenan (100 μl/paw) induced inflammatory pain model. (A) Effect on carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. (B) Effect on carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. (C) Effect on carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia. The data are reported as the means (n = 5) ± SD, ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 show significant differences from the CFA-treated negative control group.