Table 1.
Examples of genes associated with health risks of tobacco smoking.
| Gene | Protein | Smoking trait | Disease | Gene expression | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHRNA3 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 | Initiation, dependence | Lung cancer, obstructive pulmonary | 0.197 ± 0.088a | (52–55) |
| CHRNA5 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 | Initiation | Obstructive pulmonary, lung and colorectal cancer | 0.234 ± 0.194a | (52, 55–57) |
| CHRNB3 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 | Dependence | Esophageal adenocarcinoma | 0.132 ± 0.071a | (55, 58, 59) |
| CHRNB4 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 | Dependence | Lung cancer | 0.022 ± 0.016a | (55, 60) |
| CYP2A6 | Cytochrome P450 2A6 | Dependence | Lung cancer | 542 ± 278b | (55, 61–63) |
| NTRK2 | BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor | Nicotine dependence | Mood disorders | 64.619 ± 20.74a | (52, 64) |
| GABARAP | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein | Nicotine dependence | – | 148.01 ± 24.08a | (52, 65) |
| ANKK1 | Ankyrin repeat and protein kinase domain-containing protein 1 | Nicotine dependence | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 0.01 ± 0.01a | (52, 66) |
| KMO | Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase | Addiction therapy | Huntington disease, schizophrenia | 1.976 ± 0.559a | (51, 52) |
The data extracted from NCBI-Genes and proteins, and UniProt databases. The measurements of expression of genes presented as mean Reads Per Kilobase Million in the abrain and bliver.