Table 2.

Thromboembolic risk factors in oncologic patients

Risk	Description
Individual risk	Age [30] Positive anamnesis or family history for VTE [31] Hereditary thrombophilia (e.g., factor-V-Leiden mutation) [32] Life style (obesity, lack of physical exercise, smoking) [30, 33] Oral contraceptive therapy Ethnicity (increased risk in Afro-Americans) [34]
Risk of tumor entity and stage	Tumor entity (high risk with pancreatic, gastric, renal, lung or ovarian cancer as well as lymphoma and malign brain tumors) [30, 32–34] Metastasized disease stage [30, 32, 34] First 3–6 months following diagnosis [32, 34] Thrombocytosis before initiation of chemotherapy [33] Increased inflammatory markers Increased d-dimers
Oncologic therapy	Surgery [35] Radiation Chemotherapy [28, 31] Hormone therapy [36] Immune therapy Antiangiogenic therapy [37, 38]
Other risk factors	Blood transfusions Drugs stimulating erythropoiesis (e.g., erythropoietin) [33] Central venous catheter (e.g., port systems) [39] Immobilization, hospitalization [30, 31] Dehydration due to vomiting or diarrhea