Table 1a.
List of protein constituents and their major functions identified in glial
| Protein identified by routine immunohistochemistry or mass spectrometry (MS+) | Main function / Cellular process | Reference |
| α-Synuclein (MS+) (Syn 202, 205, 215 > SNL-4 > LB509 > Syn 208), (S129-P, S87-P) | Presynaptic vesicle release | [173, 174] |
| β-Tubulin (MS+), α-Tubulin (MS+)b | Microtubule nucleation | [171] |
| HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6)b | Tubulin degradation | |
| 20S proteasome subunitsb | ||
| p62/SQSTM1 (26 kDa protein/sequestosome 1)b | Autophagy | |
| 14-3-3 protein (in subset of GCIs) | Signal transduction | [175] |
| Elk1 | Transcription factor | [176] |
| Bcl-2 (MS+) | Apoptosis | |
| P39 | CDK5-activator | [177] |
| Carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme IIa (MS+) | ||
| cdk-5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) (MS+) | Cell cycle regulation | [178] |
| Midkinea | Neurotrophic factor | [179] |
| τ2 (reversible on exposure to detergent) | Microtubule-associated | [180, 181] |
| Isoform of 4-repeat tau protein (hypo-phosphorylated) (MS+) | Microtubule-associated | |
| DARPP32 | Regulation of signal transduction | [182] |
| Dorfin | Protein degradation | [183] |
| Heat shock proteins Hsc70, Hsp70b Hsp90b (MS+) | Protein folding | |
| DJ-1 | ||
| LRRK2 | [184] | |
| Rab5, Rabaptin-5 | Endocytosis regulation | [185] |
| Parkin | [184] | |
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) | Signal transduction | [178] |
| NEDD-8 (MS+) | Protein degradation | |
| Other microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs): MAP-1A and -1B; MAP-2 isoform 1, and isoform 4 (all MS+) | ||
| Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (P13K) (MS+) | ||
| p25α/TPPP (MS+) (tubulin polymerization-promoting protein) | ||
| Septin-2, –3, –5, –6 and –9 | ||
| Synphilin-1 | αS interaction protein (SNCAIP) | [186] |
| Transferrina | ||
| HtrA2/Omi | Apoptosis | [187] |
| Ubiquitin (MS+) SUMO-1 (small ubiquitin modifier 1) | Protein degradation | |
| Leu-7a | [188] | |
| p62-co-localization with α-Syn (inconsistent) | [189] | |
| AMBRA1 | Autophagy regulation | |
| NBR1 - autophagic adapter protein | Autophagy | [190] |
| Metallothionein-III (MT-III) | Metal binding | [191] |
| α-β-Crystallin | Protein folding | [192] |
| NUB-1 (negative regulator of ubiquitin-like protein 1) | Negative regulation of NEDD8 | [193, 194] |
| Parkin co-regulated gene (PACRG) | Regulation of cell death | [195] |
| Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) | Protein folding | [196, 197] |
| F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7) | Ubiquitination | [198] |
| XIAP (x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) | regulation of apoptosis | [199] |