Table 3.
MicroRNA mechanisms in PH.
| Name | Expression | Pathway | Function | Cell type | Model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mir-9 | Up | HIF-1α-mir-9-MYOCD | P↑,PC | PASMC | Hypoxia PASMC | Shan et al., 2014 |
| Mir-130 | Up | Mir-130-PPARγ-STAT3-Mir204 Mir-130-PPARr-apelin-mir424/503-FGF2 | P↑ | PASMC PAEC | Hypoxia+ SU5416 mice | Bertero et al., 2014 |
| Mir-124 | Down Up | Mir-124-NFATC1/PTBP1/CAMTA1 PTBP1/MCP1-notch1/FOXO3/p21CHIP | P↑ PC | PASMC Fibroblast | Hypoxia mice Hypoxia mice Hypoxia+SU5416 mice | Kang K. et al., 2013 Wang et al., 2014 |
| Mir-138 | Up | HIF-1α-mir138-MST1 | A↓ | PASMC | Hypoxia rats | Li et al., 2013 |
| Mir-145 | Up | Mir145-ACE/DAB2/FSCN1 | VR | PASMC | Hypoxia mice PH patients Mir-145 knockout mice | Caruso et al., 2012 |
| Mir-190 | Up | Mir190-KCNQ5 | VR | PASMC | Hypoxia rats | Li et al., 2014 |
| Mir-193-3p | Up | Mir-193-3p-IGF1R/ALOX5,12,15 | p↑ | PASMC | MCT-induced PH rats PH patients | Sharma et al., 2014 |
| Mir-204 | Down | Mir-204-SHP2-Src-STAB-NFAT | P↑, A↓ | PASMC | Hypoxia rats MCT-induced PH rats hPASMC | Courboulin et al., 2011 |
| Mir-206 | Down | Mir-206-Notch3 | P↑, A↓,M↑, PC | PASMC | Hypoxia mice | Jalali et al., 2012 |
| Mir-210 | Up | HIF-1α-mir210-MKP1/E2F3 | P↑, A↓ | PASMC | Hypoxia mice | Gou et al., 2012 |
| Mir-328 | Down | Mir328-PIM1 | P↑, A↓,VC | PASMC | PDGFBB-induce-d PASMC | Qian et al., 2016 |
| Mir-451 | Up | Promot hPASMC to migrate | M↑ | PASMC | Hypoxia mice | Grant et al., 2013 |
| Mir-27a | Up | Mir-27a-PPAR-ET-1 | P↑ | PAEC | Hypoxia mice | Kang B. Y. et al., 2013 |
| Mir-424/503 | Down | Mir-424/503-FGF2/FGFR | P↑, M↓ | PAEC | MCT rats Hypoxia+ SU-5416 mice | Kim et al., 2013 |
| Mir-17/92 | Up — | IL6-STAT3-Mir-17/92-BMPR2/PDL1M5-TGFβ/smad2/3 | PC, P↑ | PAEC PASMC | Hypoxia mice MCT mice Mir17/92 knockout mice | Brock et al., 2009 Chen T. et al., 2015 |
| Mir-21 | Up Down | Mir21-PDCD4/SPRY2/PPARα Mir-21-BMP/Rho/Rho-kinase | P↑, M↑ VR | PASMC PAEC | Hypoxia MCT mice | Sarkar et al., 2010 Caruso et al., 2010 |
| Mir125a | Down | miR-125a/Mfn1 axis | P↑ | PASMC | Hypoxia rats | Ma et al., 2017 |
| MiR-221-3p | Up | MiR-221-3p- AXIN2 | P↑ | PASMC | SU5416-hypoxia rats PH patients | Nie et al., 2017 |
| miR-214 | Up | miR-214-PTEN | P↑ | PASMC | COPD PH patients | Liu et al., 2017 |
| miR-135a | Up | miR-135a-BMPR2 | PC | – | Th2 antigen (OVA) and urban particulate matter(PM) induced PH mice | Lee and Park, 2017 |
P, proliferation; PC, phenotype change; A, apoptosis; VR, vascular remodeling; M, migration; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor2; NFATC1, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1; PTBP1, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1; CAMTA1, calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1; MCP1, monocyte chemotactic protein−1; MST1, serine/threonine kinase; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; DAB2, disabled-2; FSCN1, fascin actin-bunding protein1; KCNQ5, postassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 protein; IGF1R, Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor; ALOX5, arachidonates 5-lipoxygenase; SHP2, Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase2; MCT, monocrotaline; Notch3, notch homolog 3 protein; MKP1, mitogen-activated APLN protein kinase phosphatase 1; E2F3, transcription factorE2F3; PIM-1:Ser/Thr-protein kinase-1; APLN, apelin; BMPR2, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II; PDLIM5, PDZ and LIM domain5; PDCD4, programmed cell death protein4; SPRY2, Sprouty 2; PPARα, peroxisome proliferatior activated receptor-α.