Table 1.

Sample characteristics

	All respondents		Less successful implementation		More successful implementation
	N = 368		N = 127 (34.5%)		N = 241 (65.5%)
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	p value
Facility characteristics
Number of ORs							0.0014*‡
0–4	90	24.5	17	13.4	73	30.3
5–15	119	32.3	43	33.9	76	31.5
16–30	83	22.6	37	29.1	46	19.1
≥ 30	74	20.1	30	23.6	44	18.3
Missing	2	0.5	0	0.0	2	0.8
Anesthesiology or surgical residents	175	47.6	66	52.0	109	45.2	0.2184
Respondent characteristics
Primary professional role							0.179
Anesthesiology	311	84.5	114	89.8	197	81.7
Surgery	13	3.5	2	1.6	11	4.6
OR staff	24	6.5	7	5.5	17	7.1
Other	20	0.1	4	0.0	16	0.1
Employer†							0.9687
Facility or university	118	32.1	44	34.7	74	30.7
Physician owned practice	93	25.3	34	26.8	59	24.5
Corporate practice	51	13.9	20	15.8	31	12.9
Independent solo practice	27	7.3	9	7.1	18	7.5
Missing	79	21.5	20	15.8	59	24.5
Years since professional training							0.4534‡
Less than 5 years	31	8.4	12	9.5	19	7.9
5–10 years	40	10.9	15	11.8	25	10.4
11–20 years	80	21.7	29	22.8	51	21.2
≥ 20 years	198	53.8	66	52.0	132	54.8
Missing	19	5.2	5	3.9	14	5.8

*Significant at alpha = 0.05

†Fisher’s exact test

‡Mantel-Haenszel (MH) chi-square test