Table 1.
Genes highly overexpressed in bendiocarb-resistant An. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes, as measured by whole-genome microarrays
| Location | Transcript ID | Gene name | Fold change resistant vs. unexposed | p-value | Fold change resistant vs. Kisumu | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nagongera | AGAP003334-RA | CPLCX2 | 2.4 | 2.97E-03 | 2.4 | 2.92E-03 |
| AGAP008282-RA | D7r2 | 2.4 | 4.95E-02 | 7.2 | 9.22E-05 | |
| AGAP002198-RA | glycine N-methyltransferase | 2.1 | 6.79E-03 | 2.5 | 1.34E-03 | |
| AGAP000603-RA | Unknown | 1.9 | 3.32E-02 | 2.5 | 3.84E-03 | |
| AGAP008281-RA | D7r4 | 1.9 | 1.97E-02 | 2.8 | 3.98E-04 | |
| AGAP000611-RA | gSG1a | 1.7 | 2.49E-04 | 1.8 | 8.17E-05 | |
| AGAP011971-RA | apyrase | 1.7 | 2.01E-02 | 3.1 | 3.28E-05 | |
| AGAP009623-RA | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase | 1.7 | 4.63E-03 | 2.0 | 8.13E-04 | |
| AGAP008216-RA | GSG7 | 1.7 | 4.99E-04 | 1.8 | 2.34E-04 | |
| AGAP011368-RA | OBP57 | 1.5 | 4.18E-02 | 1.9 | 4.97E-03 | |
| Kihihi | AGAP010240-RA | ESP | 2.5 | 1.06E-04 | 4.6 | 6.77E-08 |
| AGAP008212-RA | Cyp6m2 | 2.3 | 1.75E-03 | 3.7 | 1.01E-05 | |
| AGAP004382-RA | Gstd3 | 2.2 | 1.25E-03 | 3.0 | 4.82E-05 | |
| AGAP008281-RA | D7r4 | 2.1 | 6.84E-03 | 2.8 | 3.24E-04 | |
| AGAP008358-RA | Cyp4h17 | 2.0 | 2.01E-03 | 2.9 | 1.86E-05 | |
| AGAP001956-RA | Niemann-Pick Type C-2 | 2.0 | 7.01E-03 | 5.1 | 2.93E-07 | |
| AGAP005501-RA | dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 11 precursor | 2.0 | 1.08E-03 | 3.4 | 6.42E-07 | |
| AGAP005498-RB | phospholipid scramblase 2 | 1.9 | 2.78E-06 | 3.0 | 2.87E-10 | |
| AGAP005645-RA | dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 11 precursor | 1.9 | 7.48E-04 | 2.8 | 2.03E-06 | |
| AGAP010066-RA | Unknown | 1.9 | 1.38E-05 | 2.4 | 6.83E-08 |
Microarray results were filtered to select genes whose expression was highest in resistant mosquitoes, intermediate in unexposed mosquitoes (of which an estimated 79–95% are susceptible), and lowest in the fully susceptible strain. Furthermore, genes with less than 1.2-fold overexpression in resistant vs. unexposed control mosquitoes or those with an ANOVA F-test P value > 0.05 were excluded. The 10 most highly overexpressed genes (resistant vs. unexposed) from each location are displayed above.