Table 3.

Effects of reduction metabolites of Sudan azo dyes on the growth of human intestinal bacterial strains.^a

Strains No.	Cultured Time (h)	Control	Metabolites
			1-Amino-2-Naphthol		Aniline		2,4-Dimethylaniline		1,4-Phenylenediamine		2,5-Diaminotoluene		o-Toluidine		4-Nitroaniline
			100 μM	200 μM	100 μM	200 μM	100 μM	200 μM	100 μM	200 μM	100 μM	200 μM	100 μM	200 μM	100 μM	200 μM
B. ovatus	6	0.85 ± 0.02	0.81 ± 0.02	0.59 ± 0.00	0.82 ± 0.02	0.87 ± 0.02	0.81 ± 0.01	0.86 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.01	0.83 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.01	0.84 ± 0.01	0.88 ± 0.01	0.83 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.01
	10	1.00 ± 0.01	1.02 ± 0.00	0.86 ± 0.03	0.97 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.02	0.99 ± 0.02	0.99 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.01	0.98 ± 0.03	0.99 ± 0.03
B. infantis	6	0.92 ± 0.02	0.87 ± 0.00	0.78 ± 0.01	0.87 ± 0.00	0.93 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.01	0.88 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.02	0.87 ± 0.01	0.93 ± 0.01	0.88 ± 0.01	0.93 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.00
	10	0.99 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.01	0.91 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.02	0.98 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.03	0.98 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.02	1.02 ± 0.02
B. catenulatum	6	0.96 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.01
	10	1.01 ± 0.00	0.99 ± 0.01	0.85 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.03	0.99 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.00	0.98 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.02	1.02 ± 0.03
C. indolis	6	0.95 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.00	0.95 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.00	0.96 ± 0.03	0.93 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.00	0.97 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.02
	10	0.94 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.01	0.82 ± 0.01	0.91 ± 0.01	0.93 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.01	0.97 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.00	0.97 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.02	0.98 ± 0.03
C. perfringens	6	0.98 ± 0.03	0.87 ± 0.01	0.76 ± 0.04	0.99 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.06	0.92 ± 0.06	1.02 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.02	0.99 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.04	1.00 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.06
	10	1.07 ± 0.00	1.01 ± 0.01	1.03 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.01	1.05 ± 0.02	1.07 ± 0.03	1.06 ± 0.03	1.07 ± 0.01	1.07 ± 0.00	1.03 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.02	1.04 ± 0.01	1.05 ± 0.01	1.07 ± 0.02	1.04 ± 0.02
C. ramosum	6	0.90 ± 0.02	0.86 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.02	0.89 ± 0.01	0.88 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.05	0.90 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03	0.94 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.01	0.91 ± 0.03	0.87 ± 0.03	0.93 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	0.95 ± 0.02
	10	0.97 ± 0.01	0.98 ± 0.02	0.80 ± 0.03	0.96 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.02	0.99 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.02	0.01 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.02	1.03 ± 0.02
E. faecalis	6	0.67 ± 0.00	0.61 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.02	0.63 ± 0.01	0.63 ± 0.01	0.63 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.02	0.67 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.02	0.64 ± 0.02	0.67 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.01
	10	0.72 ± 0.01	0.72 ± 0.02	0.73 ± 0.02	0.70 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.01	0.72 ± 0.02	0.72 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.00	0.72 ± 0.01	0.70 ± 0.01	0.70 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.01	0.70 ± 0.02	0.70 ± 0.02
E. coli	6	0.95 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.01	0.60 ± 0.01	0.91 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.00	0.92 ± 0.00	0.91 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.01
	10	1.03 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.01	1.02 ± 0.02	1.03 ± 0.01	1.03 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.02	1.03 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.03	1.03 ± 0.01
L. rhamnosus	6	0.41 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.02	0.42 ± 0.03	0.40 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.04	0.38 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.04	0.37 ± 0.05	0.44 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.01	0.47 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.07
	10	1.34 ± 0.03	1.36 ± 0.02	1.31 ± 0.01	1.33 ± 0.04	1.31 ± 0.03	1.37 ± 0.03	1.31 ± 0.04	1.32 ± 0.03	1.30 ± 0.02	1.32 ± 0.02	1.30 ± 0.01	1.34 ± 0.00	1.30 ± 0.01	1.38 ± 0.00	1.33 ± 0.02
P. magnus	6	0.92 ± 0.03	0.87 ± 0.02	0.63 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.04	0.92 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03	0.94 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.03	0.96 ± 0.02
	10	1.03 ± 0.01	1.02 ± 0.00	0.89 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.01	1.03 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.02	1.02 ± 0.01	1.07 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.01	1.06 ± 0.03	1.02 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.02
R. obeum	6	1.02 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.02	1.02 ± 0.03	1.02 ± 0.03	1.03 ± 0.03	1.01 ± 0.02	1.04 ± 0.03	0.99 ± 0.01	1.03 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.03	1.04 ± 0.02	1.03 ± 0.02	1.06 ± 0.02
	10	1.01 ± 0.01	0.98 ± 0.01	0.82 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.03	0.98 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.02	0.98 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.01	0.98 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.01	1.02 ± 0.02

^aData shown were mean ± SD. The mean was from triplicate incubations with SDs. P values < 0.05. Significant inhibition data are highlighted.