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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 27.
Published in final edited form as: Anaerobe. 2012 May 23;18(4):445–453. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.05.002

Table 5.

Effects of reduction metabolites of Sudan azo dyes on the cell viability of 11 human intestinal bacterial species.a

Species No. Control Viability (%)
1-Amino-2-Naphthol
Aniline
2,4-Dimethylaniline
1,4-Phenylenediamine
2,5-Diaminotoluene
o-Toluidine
4-Nitroaniline
100 μM 200 μM 100 μM 200 μM 100 μM 200 μM 100 μM 200 μM 100 μM 200 μM 100 μM 200 μM 100 μM 200 μM
B. ovatus 96.6 ± 1.8 97.7 ± 0.8 96.2 ± 0.2 95.7 ± 1.6 94.9 ± 1.8 95.9 ± 2.7 96.1 ± 0.8 95.6 ± 1.0 95.6 ± 0.5 96.4 ± 0.9 96.5 ± 0.9 96.3 ± 0.8 95.6 ± 1.7 96.7 ± 1.4 96.2 ± 0.7
B. infantis 95.1 ± 1.8 96.8 ± 2.0 96.0 ± 1.0 96.2 ± 0.8 93.6 ± 1.4 93.9 ± 1.8 94.7 ± 2.2 95.6 ± 3.1 95.4 ± 1.6 96.8 ± 2.4 95.4 ± 0.3 95.4 ± 0.7 96.8 ± 0.3 95.1 ± 0.8 95.7 ± 1.9
B. catenulatum 92.1 ± 1.5 91.5 ± 0.2 94.6 ± 2.7 91.0 ± 0.9 92.8 ± 3.4 91.3 ± 1.0 94.0 ± 4.2 91.2 ± 1.1 94.5 ± 1.5 91.7 ± 1.3 92.7 ± 0.6 91.0 ± 0.2 91.5 ± 1.4 90.6 ± 2.6 94.8 ± 1.5
C. indolis 97.6 ± 1.3 97.5 ± 1.3 95.8 ± 1.0 96.1 ± 4.3 95.2 ± 1.7 94.3 ± 2.0 96.2 ± 1.5 92.9 ± 2.6 96.9 ± 3.3 95.0 ± 2.8 97.8 ± 0.6 94.7 ± 0.8 95.0 ± 1.3 96.0 ± 1.2 95.3 ± 1.1
C. perfringens 91.6 ± 0.3 92.5 ± 0.7 93.6 ± 0.3 90.0 ± 3.3 92.8 ± 3.2 88.3 ± 3.0 93.3 ± 2.0 91.1 ± 1.6 93.5 ± 2.2 94.4 ± 1.0 94.5 ± 1.5 96.5 ± 0.8 93.3 ± 1.8 96.2 ± 0.3 92.9 ± 0.1
C. ramosum 97.2 ± 1.0 97.0 ± 1.2 95.7 ± 0.5 97.3 ± 3.4 94.3 ± 2.6 98.5 ± 0.6 94.9 ± 1.6 96.1 ± 0.9 95.1 ± 0.3 94.8 ± 0.7 95.9 ± 0.7 94.5 ± 1.6 96.3 ± 1.6 94.9 ± 1.2 95.1 ± 2.3
E. faecalis 90.8 ± 2.3 89.4 ± 2.3 89.7 ± 3.7 87.3 ± 2.6 88.5 ± 1.6 89.8 ± 3.6 90.7 ± 0.8 90.0 ± 2.6 90.1 ± 4.4 90.6 ± 1.2 90.5 ± 1.5 89.7 ± 1.4 89.9 ± 3.4 89.8 ± 0.8 88.9 ± 1.5
E. coli 98.7 ± 0.7 98.9 ± 0.5 97.4 ± 1.2 98.4 ± 0.8 98.0 ± 0.4 99.0 ± 0.2 97.9 ± 0.2 98.4 ± 0.3 99.1 ± 0.5 97.6 ± 0.3 98.2 ± 0.4 98.3 ± 0.5 99.0 ± 0.7 98.0 ± 0.2 98.3 ± 0.4
L. rhamnosus 98.8 ± 0.1 98.5 ± 0.5 98.4 ± 0.1 98.3 ± 0.5 97.8 ± 1.2 98.6 ± 0.2 97.4 ± 0.4 97.6 ± 1.9 98.5 ± 0.2 97.9 ± 1.3 98.3 ± 0.1 98.7 ± 0.2 97.3 ± 0.9 98.3 ± 0.1 97.6 ± 0.9
P. magnus 94.6 ± 0.7 95.3 ± 0.3 92.3 ± 1.9 95.0 ± 0.2 96.3 ± 2.5 94.6 ± 1.0 93.9 ± 0.6 96.1 ± 0.5 95.9 ± 0.9 94.6 ± 0.1 96.9 ± 1.4 95.1 ± 0.7 96.7 ± 0.5 94.8 ± 0.7 96.5 ± 1.8
R. obeum 92.6 ± 0.6 92.2 ± 1.9 89.8 ± 2.4 91.3 ± 1.4 90.7 ± 1.0 90.6 ± 0.4 92.4 ± 1.6 92.9 ± 2.1 90.0 ± 2.9 93.1 ± 4.1 90.2 ± 1.8 92.7 ± 1.2 92.4 ± 0.1 93.7 ± 1.7 93.7 ± 1.0
a

Each metabolite of the dyes was added after incubating the cultures in anaerobic chamber at 37 °C for 12 h. After exposure of the bacterial cells to the metabolites for 12 h, the bacterial cultures were collected for cell viability measurement. Data were presented in mean ± SD. The mean was from triplicate incubations with SD. P values < 0.05.